Memories: A Survey of Their Secure Uses in Smart Cards

  • Authors:
  • Affiliations:
  • Venue:
  • SISW '03 Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Security in Storage Workshop
  • Year:
  • 2003

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Abstract

Smart cards are widely known for their tamperresistance, but only contain a small amount of memory. Thoughvery small, this memory often contains highly valuable information(identification data, cryptographic key, etc). This is why itis subject to many attacks, as the other parts of the smart card,and thus requires appropriately chosen protections.The use of memories in smart cards induces security problems,but also other more particular ones. The main constraint isnaturally the limited physical expansion and integration, but faultlevel, aging and power consumption are not to be discarded.Indeed, deducing the context of a ROM using a microscopehas been proven to work. Interactions with light or eddycurrent on silicon can produce faults that might reveal importantinformation, as well.This article details the role of memory in smart card industries,in current context and future perspectives of smart cards andtheir applications. It then gives a survey of published physicalattacks targeting memory and all the existing techniques tocounter them.Great efforts are undertaken by industries and academicsto tackle specific memory problems introducing hardware andsoftware countermeasures in the designs. This struggle betweensecurity and hackers permits in the one hand tremendousbreakthroughs in research but in the other hand makes ratherdifficult for manufacturers to maintain cost effectiveness, that isone important factor for smart card.