Empathic tutoring software agents using real-time eye tracking
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Empathic Multiple Tutoring Agents for Multiple Learner Interface
WI-IATW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The Uncanny Valley: Effect of Realism on the Impression of Artificial Human Faces
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Agent-based collaborative affective e-learning system
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Immersive Telecommunications
Interpreting Human and Avatar Facial Expressions
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part I
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Character agents in E-learning interface using multimodal real-time interaction
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: intelligent multimodal interaction environments
Emotionally expressive avatars for chatting, learning and therapeutic intervention
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: intelligent multimodal interaction environments
A decade of NML networked graphics
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Web 3D Technology
Social awareness: the power of digital elements in collaborative environment
WSEAS Transactions on Computers
Measuring distributed affect in collaborative games
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work Companion
Media Richness in Online Consumer Interactions: An Exploratory Study of Consumer-Opinion Web Sites
Information Resources Management Journal
Human centered game design for bioinformatics and cyberinfrastructure learning
Proceedings of the Conference on Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment: Gateway to Discovery
Walk with me: interactions in emotional walking situations, a pilot study
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
Diverse player experiences in the design of science games for bioinformatics learning
Proceedings of the 2013 Chilean Conference on Human - Computer Interaction
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The use of avatars with emotionally expressive faces is potentially highly beneficial to communication in collaborative virtual environments (CVEs), especially when used in a distance learning context. However, little is known about how, or indeed whether, emotions can effectively be transmitted through the medium of a CVE. Given this, an avatar head model with limited but human-like expressive abilities was built, designed to enrich CVE communication. Based on the facial action coding system (FACS), the head was designed to express, in a readily recognisable manner, the six universal emotions. An experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of the model. Results indicate that the approach of applying the FACS model to virtual face representations is not guaranteed to work for all expressions of a particular emotion category. However, given appropriate use of the model, emotions can effectively be visualised with a limited number of facial features. A set of exemplar facial expressions is presented.