FreeGaze: a gaze tracking system for everyday gaze interaction
ETRA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Real-time eye detection and tracking under various light conditions
ETRA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Real Time Visual Cues Extraction for Monitoring Driver Vigilance
ICVS '01 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Computer Vision Systems
WACV '96 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV '96)
Real Time 3D Face Pose Discrimination Based On Active IR Illumination
ICPR '02 Proceedings of the 16 th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'02) Volume 4 - Volume 4
Non-Intrusive Gaze Tracking Using Artificial Neural Networks
Non-Intrusive Gaze Tracking Using Artificial Neural Networks
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
A Calibration-Free Gaze Tracking Technique
ICPR '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 4
Recognition of human head orientation based on artificial neural networks
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
A visual approach for driver inattention detection
Pattern Recognition
Blui: low-cost localized blowable user interfaces
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Robust tracking and remapping of eye appearance with passive computer vision
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
A robust 3D eye gaze tracking system using noise reduction
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
A Study on Human Gaze Estimation Using Screen Reflection
IDEAL '08 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
Two competitive solutions to the problem of remote eye-tracking
HSI'09 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Human System Interactions
A design and research of eye gaze tracking system based on stereovision
ICIC'09 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Emerging intelligent computing technology and applications
Journal of Systems and Software
Single camera remote eye gaze tracking under natural head movements
ICAT'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Advances in Artificial Reality and Tele-Existence
Designing for the eye: design parameters for dwell in gaze interaction
Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference
SideWays: a gaze interface for spontaneous interaction with situated displays
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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This paper describes a computer vision system based on active IR illumination for real-time gaze tracking for interactive graphic display. Unlike most of the existing gaze tracking techniques, which often require assuming a static head to work well and require a cumbersome calibration process for each person, our gaze tracker can perform robust and accurate gaze estimation without calibration and under rather significant head movement. This is made possible by a new gaze calibration procedure that identifies the mapping from pupil parameters to screen coordinates using generalized regression neural networks (GRNNs). With GRNNs, the mapping does not have to be an analytical function and head movement is explicitly accounted for by the gaze mapping function. Furthermore, the mapping function can generalize to other individuals not used in the training. To further improve the gaze estimation accuracy, we employ a hierarchical classification scheme that deals with the classes that tend to be misclassified. This leads to a 10% improvement in classification error. The angular gaze accuracy is about 5° horizontally and 8° vertically. The effectiveness of our gaze tracker is demonstrated by experiments that involve gaze-contingent interactive graphic display.