VLSI architectures for turbo codes
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Wattch: a framework for architectural-level power analysis and optimizations
Proceedings of the 27th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems - Special issue on recent advances in the design and implementation of signal processing systems
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special issue on low power electronics and design
Memory optimization of MAP turbo decoder algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Energy efficient turbo decoding for 3G mobile
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Architectural strategies for low-power VLSI turbo decoders
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Area-efficient high-speed decoding schemes for turbo decoders
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Iterative decoding of binary block and convolutional codes
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Design and analysis of turbo codes on Rayleigh fading channels
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
International Journal of Sensor Networks
Traceback-Based Optimizations for Maximum a Posteriori Decoding Algorithms
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
Relaxation dynamics in stochastic iterative decoders
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Reconfigurable Parallel Turbo Decoder Design for Multiple High-Mobility 4G Systems
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
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Turbo codes have been chosen in the third generation cellular standard for high-throughput data communication. These codes achieve remarkably low bit error rates at the expense of high-computational complexity. Thus for hand held communication devices, designing energy efficient Turbo decoders is of great importance. In this paper, we present a suite of MAP-based Turbo decoding algorithms with energy-quality tradeoffs for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels. We derive these algorithms by applying approximation techniques such as pruning the trellis, reducing the number of states, scaling the extrinsic information, applying sliding window, and early termination on the MAP-based algorithm. We show that a combination of these techniques can result in energy savings of 53.2% (50.0%) on a general purpose processor and energy savings of 80.66% (80.81%) on a hardware implementation for AWGN (fading) channels if a drop of 0.35 dB in SNR can be tolerated, at a bit error rate (BER) of 10-5. We also propose an adaptive Turbo decoding technique that is suitable for low power operation in noisy environments.