Free-form deformation of solid geometric models
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Direct manipulation of free-form deformations
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
OBBTree: a hierarchical structure for rapid interference detection
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Haptic sculpting of dynamic surfaces
I3D '99 Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Interactive animation of structured deformable objects
Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Graphics interface '99
Assessment of VR technology and its applications to engineering problems
Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering
Atlas of the Visible Human Male: Reverse Engineering of the Human Body
Atlas of the Visible Human Male: Reverse Engineering of the Human Body
Collision Detection for Interactive Graphics Applications
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Real-Time Elastic Deformations of Soft Tissues for Surgery Simulation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Interactively Deformable Models for Surgery Simulation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Computer Graphics Techniques for Modeling Cloth
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Craniofacial Surgery Simulation
VBC '96 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Visualization in Biomedical Computing
Fast and Stable Animation of Cloth with an Approximated Implicit Method
CGI '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics
inTouch: Interactive Multiresolution Modeling and 3D Painting with a Haptic Interface
VR '00 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2000 Conference
Non-linear anisotropic elasticity for real-time surgery simulation
Graphical Models - Special issue on SMI 2002
Real-Time Finite Element Modeling for Surgery Simulation: An Application to Virtual Suturing
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Nonlinear Tissue Response Modeling for Physically Realistic Virtual Surgery Using PAFF
WHC '05 Proceedings of the First Joint Eurohaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Efficient Point-Based Rendering Techniques for Haptic Display of Virtual Objects
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
VR-Based Simulators for Training in Minimally Invasive Surgery
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Modeling of tool-tissue interactions for computer-based surgical simulation: A literature review
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
ISBI'09 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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The generation of multimodal virtual environments for surgical training is complicated by the necessity to develop heterogeneous simulation scenarios such as surgical incision, cauterization, bleeding, and smoke generation involving the interaction of surgical tools with soft biological tissues in real time. While several techniques ranging from rapid but nonphysical geometry-based procedures to complex but computationally inefficient finite element analysis schemes have been proposed, none is uniquely suited to solve the digital surgery problem. In this paper we discuss the challenges facing the field of realistic surgery simulation and present a novel point-associated finite field (PAFF) approach, developed specifically to cope with these challenges. Based upon the equations of motion dictated by physics, this technique is independent of the state of matter, geometry and material properties and permits different levels of detail. We propose several specializations of this scheme for various operational complexities. The accuracy and efficiency of this technique is compared with solutions using traditional finite element methods and simulation results are reported on segmented models obtained from the Visible Human Project.