Telerobotics, automation, and human supervisory control
Telerobotics, automation, and human supervisory control
A New Method to Evaluate Human-Robot System Performance
Autonomous Robots
Fan-out: measuring human control of multiple robots
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI/SIGART conference on Human-robot interaction
Common metrics for human-robot interaction
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI/SIGART conference on Human-robot interaction
Managing autonomy in robot teams: observations from four experiments
Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Validating human-robot interaction schemes in multitasking environments
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Assessing cooperation in human control of heterogeneous robots
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction
Simultaneous teleoperation of multiple social robots
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction
How search and its subtasks scale in N robots
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction
Field trial for simultaneous teleoperation of mobile social robots
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction
Human-robot communication for collaborative decision making - A probabilistic approach
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
Managing workload in human-robot interaction: A review of empirical studies
Computers in Human Behavior
Measuring robot performance in real-time for NASA robotic reconnaissance operations
PerMIS '09 Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems
How many social robots can one operator control?
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction
Observations on single operator performance controlling two UGVs in a field assessment
Proceedings of the 10th Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems Workshop
Supervisory control of multiple social robots for navigation
Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
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Efforts are underway to make it possible for a single operator to effectively control multiple robots. In these high workload situations, many questions arise including how many robots should be in the team (Fan-out), what level of autonomy should the robots have, and when should this level of autonomy change (i.e., dynamic autonomy). We propose that a set of metric classes should be identified that can adequately answer these questions. Toward this end, we present a potential set of metric classes for human-robot teams consisting of a single human operator and multiple robots. To test the usefulness and appropriateness of this set of metric classes, we conducted a user study with simulated robots. Using the data obtained from this study, we explore the ability of this set of metric classes to answer these questions.