Value locality and load value prediction
Proceedings of the seventh international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
The predictability of data values
MICRO 30 Proceedings of the 30th annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on Microarchitecture
ISCA '99 Proceedings of the 26th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Gated-Vdd: a circuit technique to reduce leakage in deep-submicron cache memories
ISLPED '00 Proceedings of the 2000 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
A static power model for architects
Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on Microarchitecture
Drowsy caches: simple techniques for reducing leakage power
ISCA '02 Proceedings of the 29th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Adaptive Mode Control: A Static-Power-Efficient Cache Design
Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques
Applying Decay Strategies to Branch Predictors for Leakage Energy Savings
ICCD '02 Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors (ICCD'02)
HPCA '01 Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
Differential FCM: Increasing Value Prediction Accuracy by Improving Table Usage Efficiency
HPCA '01 Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
State-Preserving vs. Non-State-Preserving Leakage Control in Caches
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 1
Implementing branch-predictor decay using quasi-static memory cells
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Checkpointed Early Load Retirement
HPCA '05 Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
Leakage-efficient design of value predictors through state and non-state preserving techniques
The Journal of Supercomputing
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Energy-efficient microprocessor designs are one of the major concerns in both high performance and embedded processor domains. Furthermore, as process technology advances toward deep submicron, static power dissipation becomes a new challenge to address, especially for large on-chip array structures such as caches or prediction tables. Value prediction emerged in the recent past as a very effective way of increasing processor performance by overcoming data dependences. The more accurate the value predictor is the more performance is obtained, at the expense of becoming a source of power consumption and a thermal hot spot, and therefore increasing its leakage. Recent techniques, aimed at reducing the leakage power of array structures such as caches, either switch off (non-state preserving) or reduce the voltage level (state-preserving) of unused array portions.In this paper we propose the design of leakage-efficient value predictors by applying adaptive decay techniques in order to disable unused entries in the prediction tables. As value predictors are implemented as non-tagged structures an adaptive decay scheme has no way to precisely determine the induced miss-ratio due to prematurely decaying an entry. This paper explores adaptive decay strategies suited for the particularities of value predictors (Stride, DFCM and FCM) studying the tradeoffs for these prediction structures, that exhibit different pattern access behaviour than caches, in order to reduce their leakage energy efficiently compromising neither VP accuracy nor the speedup provided. Results show average leakage energy reductions of 52%, 70% and 80% for the Stride, DFCM and FCM value predictors of 20 KB respectively.