ISLPED '95 Proceedings of the 1995 international symposium on Low power design
Energy minimization using multiple supply voltages
ISLPED '96 Proceedings of the 1996 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Datapath scheduling with multiple supply voltages and level converters
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
The simulation and evaluation of dynamic voltage scaling algorithms
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Wattch: a framework for architectural-level power analysis and optimizations
Proceedings of the 27th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Energy minimization with guaranteed quality of service
ISLPED '00 Proceedings of the 2000 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Proceedings of the 14th international symposium on Systems synthesis
Joint local and global hardware adaptations for energy
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
DATE '03 Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe - Volume 1
Telos: enabling ultra-low power wireless research
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Extending the lifetime of media recorders constrained by battery and flash memory size
Proceedings of the 13th international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Proceedings of the 13th international symposium on Low power electronics and design
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In battery-powered embedded systems, dedicated circuitry is used to convert stored energy into a form that can be directly used by processors. These power regulation devices seek to mask non-ideal aspects of the battery and present an ideal, fixed-voltage power source to the processor. However, this comes at a high price in terms of form factor, component cost, and energy efficiency. We describe and evaluate a new method for eliminating voltage regulation circuitry from battery-powered embedded systems. This method makes use of power gating, frequency scaling, and thread migration in chip-level multiprocessors to dynamically adjust to varying battery voltage. The key advantages of this approach are reduction in printed circuit board area (by 1/3 in many embedded applications) and the elimination of bulky unreliable discrete components such as electrolytic capacitors while maintaining similar battery lifespan. We have evaluated the power consumption, performance, and reliability implications of the proposed method using analytical techniques, power models, and detailed full-system simulation of numerous benchmarks from the ALPBench and MediaBench benchmark suites. For a number of battery technologies, the proposed technique holds the potential to eliminate power regulation circuitry and maintain battery lifespan while maintaining the same performance as systems using Buck-Boost voltage regulators.