Checking equivalence of quantum circuits and states

  • Authors:
  • George F. Viamontes;Igor L. Markov;John P. Hayes

  • Affiliations:
  • Lockheed Martin ATL, Cherry Hill, NJ;University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

  • Venue:
  • Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
  • Year:
  • 2007

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Abstract

Among the post-CMOS technologies currently under investigation, quantum computing (QC) holds a special place. QC offers not only extremely small size and low power, but also exponential speed-ups for important simulation and optimization problems. It also poses new CAD problems that are similar to, but more challenging, than the related problems in classical (non-quantum) CAD, such as determining if two states or circuits are functionally equivalent. While differences in classical states are easy to detect, quantum states, which are represented by complex-valued vectors, exhibit subtle differences leading to several notions of equivalence. This provides flexibility in optimizing quantum circuits, but leads to difficult new equivalence-checking issues for simulation and synthesis. We identify several different equivalence-checking problems and present algorithms for practical benchmarks, including quantum communication and search circuits, which are shown to be very fast and robust for hundreds of qubits.