The complexity of optimization problems
Journal of Computer and System Sciences - Structure in Complexity Theory Conference, June 2-5, 1986
Constraint-Based Automatic Test Data Generation
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Formally verifying a microprocessor using a simulation methodology
DAC '94 Proceedings of the 31st annual Design Automation Conference
Efficient generation of counterexamples and witnesses in symbolic model checking
DAC '95 Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Software unit test coverage and adequacy
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
What's between simulation and formal verification? (extended abstract)
DAC '98 Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
Coverage estimation for symbolic model checking
Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
On the complexity of unique solutions
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Model checking
An automata-theoretic approach to branching-time model checking
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Efficient Detection of Vacuity in Temporal Model Checking
Formal Methods in System Design - Special issue on CAV '97
Software reliability methods
Distributed Algorithms
Complexity results for structure-based causality
Artificial Intelligence
Coverage Metrics for Temporal Logic Model Checking
TACAS 2001 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems
Coverage of Implementations by Simulating Specifications
TCS '02 Proceedings of the IFIP 17th World Computer Congress - TC1 Stream / 2nd IFIP International Conference on Theoretical Computer Science: Foundations of Information Technology in the Era of Networking and Mobile Computing
CAV '02 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
Efficient Detection of Vacuity in ACTL Formulas
CAV '97 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
Dos and don'ts of CTL state coverage estimation
Proceedings of the 40th annual Design Automation Conference
Using fault injection to increase software test coverage
ISSRE '96 Proceedings of the The Seventh International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering
Error explanation with distance metrics
International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)
Responsibility and blame: a structural-model approach
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Causes and explanations in the structural-model approach
UAI'02 Proceedings of the Eighteenth conference on Uncertainty in artificial intelligence
Explaining Counterexamples Using Causality
CAV '09 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
Efficient automatic STE refinement using responsibility
TACAS'08/ETAPS'08 Proceedings of the Theory and practice of software, 14th international conference on Tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems
Erratum for “What causes a system to satisfy a specification?”
ACM Transactions on Computational Logic (TOCL)
The complexity of causality and responsibility for query answers and non-answers
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Counterfactually reasoning about security
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Security of information and networks
ICFEM'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Formal methods and software engineering
Explaining counterexamples using causality
Formal Methods in System Design
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Even when a system is proven to be correct with respect to a specification, there is still a question of how complete the specification is, and whether it really covers all the behaviors of the system. Coverage metrics attempt to check which parts of a system are actually relevant for the verification process to succeed. Recent work on coverage in model checking suggests several coverage metrics and algorithms for finding parts of the system that are not covered by the specification. The work has already proven to be effective in practice, detecting design errors that escape early verification efforts in industrial settings. In this article, we relate a formal definition of causality given by Halpern and Pearl to coverage. We show that it gives significant insight into unresolved issues regarding the definition of coverage and leads to potentially useful extensions of coverage. In particular, we introduce the notion of responsibility, which assigns to components of a system a quantitative measure of their relevance to the satisfaction of the specification.