Power analysis of embedded software: a first step towards software power minimization
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special issue on low-power design
Bus-invert coding for low-power I/O
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Analytical energy dissipation models for low-power caches
ISLPED '97 Proceedings of the 1997 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Policy optimization for dynamic power management
DAC '98 Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
Cycle-accurate simulation of energy consumption in embedded systems
Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Quantifying the energy consumption of a pocket computer and a Java virtual machine
Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Wattch: a framework for architectural-level power analysis and optimizations
Proceedings of the 27th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Cycle-accurate energy consumption measurement and analysis: case study of ARM7TDMI
ISLPED '00 Proceedings of the 2000 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
PASTEL: a parameterized memory characterization system
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Huffman coding with unequal letter costs
STOC '02 Proceedings of the thiry-fourth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Flash Memories
Low-energy off-chip SDRAM memory systems for embedded applications
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
ATS '98 Proceedings of the 7th Asian Test Symposium
PowerScope: A Tool for Profiling the Energy Usage of Mobile Applications
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
Software Power Estimation and Optimization for High Performance, 32-bit Embedded Processors
ICCD '98 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Design
Energy-aware memory allocation in heterogeneous non-volatile memory systems
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Energy-aware demand paging on NAND flash-based embedded storages
Proceedings of the 2004 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Energy aware lossless data compression
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
Adaptive Energy-Aware Design of a Multi-Bank Flash-Memory Storage System
RTCSA '05 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications
Data compression algorithms for energy-constrained devices in delay tolerant networks
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Probability and Random Processes For EE's (3rd Edition)
Probability and Random Processes For EE's (3rd Edition)
Energy-aware data compression for multi-level cell (MLC) flash memory
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
A dynamic programming algorithm for constructing optimal prefix-free codes with unequal letter costs
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
A flash compression layer for SmartMedia card systems
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
Energy-aware error control coding for Flash memories
Proceedings of the 46th Annual Design Automation Conference
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Memory devices often consume more energy than microprocessors in current portable embedded systems, but their energy consumption changes significantly with the type of transaction, data values, and access timing, as well as depending on the total number of transactions. These variabilities mean that an innovative tool and framework are required to characterize modern memory devices running in embedded system architectures. We introduce an energy measurement and characterization platform for memory devices, and demonstrate an application to multilevel-cell (MLC) flash memories, in which we discover significant value-dependent programming energy variations. We introduce an energy-aware data compression method that minimizes the flash programming energy, rather than the size of the compressed data, which is formulated as an entropy coding with unequal bit-pattern costs. Deploying a probabilistic approach, we derive energy-optimal bit-pattern probabilities and expected values of the bit-pattern costs which are applicable to the large amounts of compressed data typically found in multimedia applications. Then we develop an energy-optimal prefix coding that uses integer linear programming, and construct a prefix-code table. From a consideration of Pareto-optimal energy consumption, we can make tradeoffs between data size and programming energy, such as a 41% energy savings for a 52% area overhead.