Continuously variable duration hidden Markov models for automatic speech recognition
Computer Speech and Language
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Lexicon Driven Approach to Handwritten Word Recognition for Real-Time Applications
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An HMM-Based Approach for Off-Line Unconstrained Handwritten Word Modeling and Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
On-Line and Off-Line Handwriting Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The Role of Holistic Paradigms in Handwritten Word Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
ICPR '02 Proceedings of the 16 th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'02) Volume 3 - Volume 3
Recognising handwritten Arabic manuscripts using a single hidden Markov model
Pattern Recognition Letters
HMM Based Approach for Handwritten Arabic Word Recognition Using the IFN/ENIT- Database
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
Offline Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Texts Using HMMs and Statistical Language Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A new algorithm for machine printed Arabic character segmentation
Pattern Recognition Letters
Recognition and Verification of Unconstrained Handwritten Words
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competition
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Pre-processing Methods for Handwritten Arabic Documents
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Baseline Dependant Features and Hidden Markov Modeling
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Printed PAW Recognition Based on Planar Hidden Markov Models
ICPR '96 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Hidden Markov models applied to on-line handwritten isolated character recognition
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Binary segmentation with neural validation for cursive handwriting recognition
IJCNN'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on Neural Networks
Offline handwritten Arabic cursive text recognition using Hidden Markov Models and re-ranking
Pattern Recognition Letters
Segment confidence-based binary segmentation (SCBS) for cursive handwritten words
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
International Journal of Speech Technology
Binary segmentation algorithm for English cursive handwriting recognition
Pattern Recognition
Using diversity in classifier set selection for arabic handwritten recognition
MCS'10 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multiple Classifier Systems
Integration of multiple acoustic and language models for improved Hindi speech recognition system
International Journal of Speech Technology
Arabic handwriting recognition using structural and syntactic pattern attributes
Pattern Recognition
Offline arabic handwritten text recognition: A Survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
KHATT: An open Arabic offline handwritten text database
Pattern Recognition
International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems
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In this paper, we describe an off-line unconstrained handwritten Arabic word recognition system based on segmentation-free approach and semi-continuous hidden Markov models (SCHMMs) with explicit state duration. Character durations play a significant part in the recognition of cursive handwriting. The duration information is still mostly disregarded in HMM-based automatic cursive handwriting recognizers due to the fact that HMMs are deficient in modeling character durations properly. We will show experimentally that explicit state duration modeling in the SCHMM framework can significantly improve the discriminating capacity of the SCHMMs to deal with very difficult pattern recognition tasks such as unconstrained handwritten Arabic recognition. In order to carry out the letter and word model training and recognition more efficiently, we propose a new version of the Viterbi algorithm taking into account explicit state duration modeling. Three distributions (Gamma, Gauss and Poisson) for the explicit state duration modeling have been used and a comparison between them has been reported. To perform word recognition, the described system uses an original sliding window approach based on vertical projection histogram analysis of the word and extracts a new pertinent set of statistical and structural features from the word image. Several experiments have been performed using the IFN/ENIT benchmark database and the best recognition performances achieved by our system outperform those reported recently on the same database.