Unsupervised Learning of Finite Mixture Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Towards Sound Approaches to Counteract Power-Analysis Attacks
CRYPTO '99 Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
CRYPTO '99 Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
On Boolean and Arithmetic Masking against Differential Power Analysis
CHES '00 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Using Second-Order Power Analysis to Attack DPA Resistant Software
CHES '00 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Electromagnetic Analysis: Concrete Results
CHES '01 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
CHES '02 Revised Papers from the 4th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Template attacks in principal subspaces
CHES'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Templates vs. stochastic methods
CHES'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Practical second-order DPA attacks for masked smart card implementations of block ciphers
CT-RSA'06 Proceedings of the 2006 The Cryptographers' Track at the RSA conference on Topics in Cryptology
Higher order masking of the AES
CT-RSA'06 Proceedings of the 2006 The Cryptographers' Track at the RSA conference on Topics in Cryptology
CHES'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Cryptographic hardware and embedded systems
A stochastic model for differential side channel cryptanalysis
CHES'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Cryptographic hardware and embedded systems
On second-order differential power analysis
CHES'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Cryptographic hardware and embedded systems
Improved higher-order side-channel attacks with FPGA experiments
CHES'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Cryptographic hardware and embedded systems
Template attacks on masking—resistance is futile
CT-RSA'07 Proceedings of the 7th Cryptographers' track at the RSA conference on Topics in Cryptology
Block Ciphers Implementations Provably Secure Against Second Order Side Channel Analysis
Fast Software Encryption
CHES '09 Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Adaptive chosen-message side-channel attacks
ACNS'10 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Applied cryptography and network security
Theoretical and practical aspects of mutual information-based side channel analysis
International Journal of Applied Cryptography
Selecting time samples for multivariate DPA attacks
CHES'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Side-channel indistinguishability
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Hardware and Architectural Support for Security and Privacy
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We introduce the use of multivariate Gaussian mixture models for enhancing higher-order side channel analysis on masked cryptographic implementations. Our contribution considers an adversary with incomplete knowledge at profiling, i.e., the adversary does not know random numbers used for masking. At profiling, the adversary observes a mixture probability density of the side channel leakage. However, the EM algorithm can provide estimates on the unknown parameters of the component densities using samples drawn from the mixture density. Practical results are presented and confirm the usefulness of Gaussian mixture models and the EM algorithm. Especially, success rates obtained by automatic classification based on the estimates of the EM algorithm are very close to success rates of template attacks.