Principles of traditional animation applied to 3D computer animation
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Analyzing a new learning strategy according to different knowledge levels
Computers & Education
Integrating reactive and scripted behaviors in a life-like presentation agent
AGENTS '98 Proceedings of the second international conference on Autonomous agents
Proceedings of the third annual conference on Autonomous Agents
Interaction tactics for socially intelligent pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Distributed Learning Companion System: WEST Revisited
ITS '92 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Redefining the learning companion: the past, present, and future of educational agents
Computers & Education
Testing Media Richness Theory in the New Media: the Effects of Cues, Feedback, and Task Equivocality
Information Systems Research
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Preliminary design guidelines for pedagogical agent interface image
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Interface agents as social models: the impact of appearance on females' attitude toward engineering
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Embodied conversational agents on a common ground
From brows to trust
Design of animated pedagogical agents-A look at their look
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Better Game Characters by Design: A Psychological Approach (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Interactive 3D Technology)
HICSS '08 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Modeling self-efficacy in intelligent tutoring systems: An inductive approach
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Simulating Instructional Roles through Pedagogical Agents
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
Cross-Cultural Evaluation of Politeness in Tactics for Pedagogical Agents
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
Introduction d'un compagnon dans un logiciel éducatif en classe
Proceedings of the Ergonomie et Informatique Avancee Conference
Designing affective computing learning companions with teachers as design partners.
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Affective interaction in natural environments
Towards Systems That Care: A Conceptual Framework based on Motivation, Metacognition and Affect
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
What do children favor as embodied pedagogical agents?
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part I
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The paper presents a theoretical framework addressing three aspects of embodied pedagogical agents: visual static appearance, pedagogical role, and communicative style. The framework is then applied to a user study where 90 school children (aged 12-15) in a dummy multimedia program were presented with either an instructor or a learning companion condition. They were then to choose between eight visually different embodied pedagogical agents: four more naturalistic (detailed & 3D-rendered) and four more stylized (simplified & cartoonish). Finally the participants were to choose between a strictly task-oriented versus a task- and relationoriented pedagogical agent. The goal of the study was to explore possible relations between the three aspects mentioned above with respect to user preferences. Results were: (i) when the agent was introduced as a learning companion, female students displayed a significant tendency to choose a more stylized visual character, (ii) when the agent was introduced as a learning companion, female students displayed a significant tendency to choose a task- and relation-oriented agent, and (iii) in the case when students had chosen a more stylized character, there was a significant tendency to choose a task- and relation-oriented agent. The paper also discusses limitations and strengths of the study, and advocates careful descriptions in studies of this kind - especially regarding the notion of visual realism.