CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using a human face in an interface
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Situated facial displays: towards social interaction
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
My partner is a real dog: cooperation with social agents
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Human values and the design of computer technology
Integrating reactive and scripted behaviors in a life-like presentation agent
AGENTS '98 Proceedings of the second international conference on Autonomous agents
Explanatory lifelike avatars: performing user-centered tasks in 3D learning environments
Proceedings of the third annual conference on Autonomous Agents
The effects of animated characters on anxiety, task performance, and evaluations of user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The impact of animated interface agents: a review of empirical research
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
“May I help you?”: designing embodied conversational agent allies
Embodied conversational agents
Nudge nudge wink wink: elements of face-to-face conversation for embodied conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
Human conversation as a system framework: designing embodied conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
Task-oriented collaboration with embodied agents in virtual worlds
Embodied conversational agents
Deictic and emotive communication in animated pedagogical agents
Embodied conversational agents
Performative facial expressions in animated faces
Embodied conversational agents
Emotion and personality in a conversational agent
Embodied conversational agents
The automated design of believable dialogues for animated presentation teams
Embodied conversational agents
Parameterized action representation for virtual human agents
Embodied conversational agents
Developing and evaluating conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
Designing and evaluating conversational interfaces with animated characters
Embodied conversational agents
Truth is beauty: researching embodied conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
Computers as Theatre
Emotion & design: attractive things work better
interactions
Motivation and failure in educational simulation design
Smart machines in education
Animated pedagogical agents in knowledge-based learning environments
Smart machines in education
The Persona Effect: How Substantial Is It?
HCI '98 Proceedings of HCI on People and Computers XIII
The Art of 3-D Computer Animation and Effects, Third Edition
The Art of 3-D Computer Animation and Effects, Third Edition
Facial animation in a nutshell: past, present and future
SAICSIT '06 Proceedings of the 2006 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on IT research in developing countries
Looking at human-computer interface design: Effects of ethnicity in computer agents
Interacting with Computers
Visual Femininity and Masculinity in Synthetic Characters and Patterns of Affect
ACII '07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Benefits of Virtual Characters in Computer Based Learning Environments: Claims and Evidence
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
A Look at the Roles of Look & Roles in Embodied Pedagogical Agents - A User Preference Perspective
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
The role of learner attributes and affect determining the impact of agent presence
International Journal of Learning Technology
Collaborative Learning in Virtual Classroom Scenarios
EC-TEL '09 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning: Learning in the Synergy of Multiple Disciplines
Effects of facial similarity on user responses to embodied agents
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
ARGarden: augmented edutainment system with a learning companion
Transactions on edutainment I
A study of demographic embodiments of product recommendation agents in electronic commerce
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Introduction d'un compagnon dans un logiciel éducatif en classe
Proceedings of the Ergonomie et Informatique Avancee Conference
The impact of learner attributes and learner choice in an agent-based environment
Computers & Education
Using Agents in Mental Health: A System to Support the Remote Treatment of Major Depression
Proceedings of the 2010 conference on Artificial Intelligence Research and Development: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of the Catalan Association for Artificial Intelligence
Virtual pedagogical agents: naturalism vs. stylization
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
What do children favor as embodied pedagogical agents?
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part I
On pedagogical effects of learner-support agents in collaborative interaction
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
3D animated agent for tutoring based on WebGL
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on 3D Web Technology
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A well-established effect of animated agents in educational and other contexts is their potential to motivate and engage. ''Increased motivation in users'' is also one of the more frequent answers given to the question, ''What is gained by adding an animated pedagogical agent to an intelligent tutoring system?'' To further develop and exploit this potential, there are, however, several issues that need to be resolved. In this article we discuss the visual form and look of animated pedagogical agents. A survey is presented of how the area is approached (and, in particular, not approached) in research on animated pedagogical agents. Two possible reasons are proposed as to why visual form and look are so little addressed are also proposed. We also propose and discuss some key aspects of look that merit a systematic approach in future research. The main thesis of the paper is that users' visuo-aesthetic experience of animated pedagogical agents is too important with respect to the goals to motivate and engage, to be treated as a secondary issue. We do not deny that there are other pressing and fundamental issues that need to be solved, such as those concerning the content of the support and the competence level of agents, as well as various design elements that can contribute to making animated agents lifelike. But we argue that visual rendering issues are pressing and need to be seriously addressed as well.