The second self: computers and the human spirit
The second self: computers and the human spirit
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using a human face in an interface
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Situated facial displays: towards social interaction
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Learning companion systems, social learning systems, and the global social learning club
Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Human values and the design of computer technology
“Social” human-computer interaction
Human values and the design of computer technology
Interface agents: metaphors with character
Human values and the design of computer technology
Proceedings of the third annual conference on Autonomous Agents
Integration of various emotion eliciting factors for life-like agents
MULTIMEDIA '99 Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (Part 2)
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
The effects of animated characters on anxiety, task performance, and evaluations of user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The impact of animated interface agents: a review of empirical research
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Task-oriented collaboration with embodied agents in virtual worlds
Embodied conversational agents
Deictic and emotive communication in animated pedagogical agents
Embodied conversational agents
Emotion and personality in a conversational agent
Embodied conversational agents
Developing and evaluating conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
Designing and evaluating conversational interfaces with animated characters
Embodied conversational agents
From adaptive hypertext to personalized web companions
Communications of the ACM - The Adaptive Web
Animated pedagogical agents in knowledge-based learning environments
Smart machines in education
Spatially Oriented and Person Oriented Thinking—Implications for User Interface Design
Education and Information Technologies
Evolution of user interaction: the case of agent adele
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Interaction tactics for socially intelligent pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
The Persona Effect: How Substantial Is It?
HCI '98 Proceedings of HCI on People and Computers XIII
Redefining the learning companion: the past, present, and future of educational agents
Computers & Education
Learning to work in distributed global teams
HICSS '95 Proceedings of the 28th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
The Socially Interactive Pedagogical Agent within Online Learning Communities
ICCE '02 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers in Education
The role of the human teacher in learning environments of the future
CRPIT '03 Proceedings of the 3.1 and 3.3 working groups conference on International federation for information processing: ICT and the teacher of the future - Volume 23
ICALT '01 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies
Design of animated pedagogical agents-A look at their look
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Evaluating users' experience of a character-enhanced information space
AI Communications
Lifelike pedagogical agents and affective computing: an exploratory synthesis
Artificial intelligence today
A model of user adoption of interface agents for email notification
Interacting with Computers
Cousins Virtual Jane and Virtual Joe, extraordinary virtual helpers
Computers & Education
The role of learner attributes and affect determining the impact of agent presence
International Journal of Learning Technology
Effective Tutoring with Affective Embodied Conversational Agents
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Fun and learning: the power of narrative
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games
Pay attention!: designing adaptive agents that monitor and improve user engagement
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Developing an embodied pedagogical agent with and for young people with autism spectrum disorder
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
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Pedagogical theory of today gives high priority to social components of learning. Within the field of computer supported learning there are many attempts to acknowledge this. One approach involves the addition of virtual characters to electronic learning environments. Such character enhanced systems are the focus of the present article. Firstly, a systematic overview is given of pedagogical benefits that have been proposed in the literature regarding character enhancement of electronic learning environments, for example increased motivation, stimulation of particular learning activities, enhanced flow of communication and fulfillment of a need for deeper personal relationships in learning. Secondly, I examine the empirical results presented in the literature with respect to the proposed positive pedagogical effects. Based on these reviews, I finally discuss possible directions for continued research and design in the field from a pedagogical point of view. I propose a research agenda for the near future and conclude with some reflections on a longer-term perspective.