Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates
International Journal of Computer Vision
Probabilistic Visual Learning for Object Representation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A deformable model of the human iris for measuring small three-dimensional eye movements
Machine Vision and Applications
Fundamental Limits of Bayesian Inference: Order Parameters and Phase Transitions for Road Tracking
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Efficient deformable template detection and localization without user initialization
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Twenty years of eye typing: systems and design issues
ETRA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Real-time eye detection and tracking under various light conditions
ETRA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Eye and gaze tracking for interactive graphic display
Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Smart graphics
Contour Tracking by Stochastic Propagation of Conditional Density
ECCV '96 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume I - Volume I
Face Recognition Using Active Appearance Models
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
Tracking with the EM Contour Algorithm
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part I
Real Time Visual Cues Extraction for Monitoring Driver Vigilance
ICVS '01 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Computer Vision Systems
Learning the Statistics of People in Images and Video
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special Issue on Computational Vision at Brown University
Edge and Keypoint Detection in Facial Regions
FG '96 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG '96)
Real-Time Stereo Tracking for Head Pose and Gaze Estimation
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
An Algorithm for Real-Time Stereo Vision Implementation of Head Pose and Gaze Direction Measurement
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Eye Typing using Markov and Active Appearance Models
WACV '02 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision
Appearance-based Eye Gaze Estimation
WACV '02 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision
Non-Intrusive Gaze Tracking Using Artificial Neural Networks
Non-Intrusive Gaze Tracking Using Artificial Neural Networks
Visual Tracking of Multiple Objects with Automatic Motion Model Switching
ICPR '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 3
A Probabilistic Contour Discriminant for Object Localisation
ICCV '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision
Fast Radial Symmetry for Detecting Points of Interest
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Eye Gaze Estimation from a Single Image of One Eye
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Eye tracking system model with easy calibration
Proceedings of the 2004 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
A free-head, simple calibration, gaze tracking system that enables gaze-based interaction
Proceedings of the 2004 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Locating and extracting the eye in human face images
Pattern Recognition
A novel approach to 3-D gaze tracking using stereo cameras
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Editorial: Special issue: eye detection and tracking
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on eye detection and tracking
Contour tracking based on marginalized likelihood ratios
Image and Vision Computing
Homography normalization for robust gaze estimation in uncalibrated setups
Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A real-time framework for eye detection and tracking
Journal of Real-Time Image Processing
Eyes segmentation applied to gaze direction and vigilance estimation
ICAPR'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part II
Automatic acquisition of a 3D eye model for a wearable first-person vision device
Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
My reading life: towards utilizing eyetracking on unmodified tablets and phones
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing adjunct publication
Gaze locking: passive eye contact detection for human-object interaction
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Real-time eye-gaze estimation using a low-resolution webcam
Multimedia Tools and Applications
A novel ELM based adaptive Kalman filter tracking algorithm
Neurocomputing
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An active contour tracker is presented which can be used for gaze-based interaction with off-the-shelf components. The underlying contour model is based on image statistics and avoids explicit feature detection. The tracker combines particle filtering with the EM algorithm. The method exhibits robustness to light changes and camera defocusing; consequently, the model is well suited for use in systems using off-the-shelf hardware, but may equally well be used in controlled environments, such as in IR-based settings. The method is even capable of handling sudden changes between IR and non-IR light conditions, without changing parameters. For the purpose of determining where the user is looking, calibration is usually needed. The number of calibration points used in different methods varies from a few to several thousands, depending on the prior knowledge used on the setup and equipment. We examine basic properties of gaze determination when the geometry of the camera, screen, and user is unknown. In particular we present a lower bound on the number of calibration points needed for gaze determination on planar objects, and we examine degenerate configurations. Based on this lower bound we apply a simple calibration procedure, to facilitate gaze estimation.