The depth/breadth trade-off in the design of menu-driven user interfaces
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Knowledge of command usage in a spreadsheet program
ACM SIGMIS Database
Long-term variation in user actions
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
An introduction to genetic algorithms
An introduction to genetic algorithms
Predicting text entry speed on mobile phones
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
How to solve it: modern heuristics
How to solve it: modern heuristics
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Algorithms and Theory of Computation Handbook
Algorithms and Theory of Computation Handbook
Modern Information Retrieval
Command use and interface design
CHI '83 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A comparison of static, adaptive, and adaptable menus
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Model-based evaluation of cell phone menu interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Inducing shortcuts on a mobile phone interface
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Model-based evaluation of expert cell phone menu interaction
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
A predictive model of menu performance
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Predictability and accuracy in adaptive user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Genetic algorithm can optimize hierarchical menus
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An error model for pointing based on Fitts' law
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Optimizing hierarchical menus by genetic algorithm and simulated annealing
Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
ERCIM'02 Proceedings of the User interfaces for all 7th international conference on Universal access: theoretical perspectives, practice, and experience
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Hierarchical menus are now widely used as standard user interfaces in modern applications with GUIs. The menu performance depends on many factors, such as the structure, layout, and colors. There has been extensive research on novel hierarchical menus, but there has been little work on improving performance by optimizing the menu's structure. We have proposed an algorithm based on a genetic algorithm (GA) for optimizing the performance of menus. The algorithm aims to minimize the average selection time of menu items by taking into account movement and decision-making time. We have shown that the proposed algorithm can reduce average selection time nearly 40% for a menu of a cellar phone. But usage pattern were limited and the accuracy of the model was not confirmed. We will first show the validation result of the model by experiments conducted on PDA. Then we will present results of the performance evaluation of the algorithm by using a wide variety of usage patterns generated by Zipf function. The results show that the model has good accuracy for real users, and the algorithm can attain good results for a wide variety of usage patterns.