CONDENSATION—Conditional Density Propagation forVisual Tracking
International Journal of Computer Vision
The visual analysis of human movement: a survey
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Reconstruction of articulated objects from point correspondences in a single uncalibrated image
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Tracking persons in monocular image sequences
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A survey of computer vision-based human motion capture
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Modeling people toward vision-based underatanding of a person's shape, appearance, and movement
A Taxonomy and Evaluation of Dense Two-Frame Stereo Correspondence Algorithms
International Journal of Computer Vision
On sequential Monte Carlo sampling methods for Bayesian filtering
Statistics and Computing
Implicit Probabilistic Models of Human Motion for Synthesis and Tracking
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part I
Learning to Parse Pictures of People
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part IV
Learning the Statistics of People in Images and Video
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special Issue on Computational Vision at Brown University
3-D model-based tracking of humans in action: a multi-view approach
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
Model-based estimation of 3D human motion with occlusion based on active multi-viewpoint selection
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
Tracking People with Twists and Exponential Maps
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Cardboard People: A Parameterized Model of Articulated Image Motion
FG '96 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG '96)
A Framework for Modeling the Appearance of 3D Articulated Figures
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Hybrid Monte Carlo Filtering: Edge-Based People Tracking
MOTION '02 Proceedings of the Workshop on Motion and Video Computing
Consistency and Coupling in Human Model Likelihoods
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Inferring 3D Structure with a Statistical Image-Based Shape Model
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Fast Pose Estimation with Parameter-Sensitive Hashing
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Learning to track 3D human motion from silhouettes
ICML '04 Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Machine learning
Generative modeling for continuous non-linearly embedded visual inference
ICML '04 Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Machine learning
Pictorial Structures for Object Recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision
Articulated Body Motion Capture by Stochastic Search
International Journal of Computer Vision
The HumanID Gait Challenge Problem: Data Sets, Performance, and Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Strike a Pose: Tracking People by Finding Stylized Poses
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Discriminative Density Propagation for 3D Human Motion Estimation
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Learning to Estimate Human Pose with Data Driven Belief Propagation
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Priors for People Tracking from Small Training Sets
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Beyond Trees: Common-Factor Models for 2D Human Pose Recovery
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Recovering Human Body Configurations Using Pairwise Constraints between Parts
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Guiding Model Search Using Segmentation
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
An Adaptive Appearance Model Approach for Model-based Articulated Object Tracking
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
A Modular Approach to the Analysis and Evaluation of Particle Filters for Figure Tracking
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
3D People Tracking with Gaussian Process Dynamical Models
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
Body Localization in Still Images Using Hierarchical Models and Hybrid Search
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
Measure Locally, Reason Globally: Occlusion-sensitive Articulated Pose Estimation
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
Human body pose detection using Bayesian spatio-temporal templates
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on modeling people: Vision-based understanding of a person's shape, appearance, movement, and behaviour
A Quantitative Evaluation of Video-based 3D Person Tracking
ICCCN '05 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks
Articulated mesh animation from multi-view silhouettes
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Human Motion Tracking with a Kinematic Parameterization of Extremal Contours
International Journal of Computer Vision
Bottom-up recognition and parsing of the human body
EMMCVPR'07 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Energy minimization methods in computer vision and pattern recognition
Recovering human body configurations: combining segmentation and recognition
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
3D human pose from silhouettes by relevance vector regression
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Kinematic jump processes for monocular 3D human tracking
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Learning for multi-view 3d tracking in the context of particle filters
ISVC'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Visual Computing - Volume Part II
Human pose tracking using multi-level structured models
ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part III
Monocular tracking of 3d human motion with a coordinated mixture of factor analyzers
ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part II
A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear/non-GaussianBayesian tracking
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Robust online appearance models for visual tracking
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Guest Editorial: State of the Art in Image- and Video-Based Human Pose and Motion Estimation
International Journal of Computer Vision
Silhouette representation and matching for 3D pose discrimination - A comparative study
Image and Vision Computing
Tracking human pose with multiple activity models
Pattern Recognition
Estimating 3D pose via stochastic search and expectation maximization
AMDO'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Articulated motion and deformable objects
Real time multiple people tracking and pose estimation
Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Multimodal pervasive video analysis
A generic approach to design and querying of multi-purpose human motion database
ICCVG'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Computer vision and graphics: Part I
Human attributes from 3D pose tracking
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on computer vision conference on Computer vision: Part III
2D action recognition serves 3D human pose estimation
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on computer vision conference on Computer vision: Part III
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
3D human pose recovery from image by efficient visual feature selection
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Behavioural analysis with movement cluster model for concurrent actions
Journal on Image and Video Processing - Special issue on advanced video-based surveillance
Marker-based human motion capture in multiview sequences
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing
Gradual sampling and mutual information maximisation for markerless motion capture
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 10th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
Human 3D motion computation from a varying number of cameras
SCIA'11 Proceedings of the 17th Scandinavian conference on Image analysis
Swarm intelligence based searching schemes for articulated 3D body motion tracking
ACIVS'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Advanced concepts for intelligent vision systems
Multiview human pose estimation with unconstrained motions
Pattern Recognition Letters
Estimating pose of articulated objects using low-level motion
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Multi-view 3D Human Pose Estimation in Complex Environment
International Journal of Computer Vision
Human attributes from 3D pose tracking
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Multiple people tracking and pose estimation with occlusion estimation
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
PSIVT'11 Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Image and Video Technology - Volume Part I
Hierarchical pose estimation for human gait analysis
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Video-based 3D motion capture through biped control
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Loose-limbed People: Estimating 3D Human Pose and Motion Using Non-parametric Belief Propagation
International Journal of Computer Vision
SIDE'12 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Swarm and Evolutionary Computation
3D Human model adaptation by frame selection and shape-texture optimization
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Fast Human Pose Detection Using Randomized Hierarchical Cascades of Rejectors
International Journal of Computer Vision
Coupled Action Recognition and Pose Estimation from Multiple Views
International Journal of Computer Vision
Real-time multi-view human motion tracking using particle swarm optimization with resampling
AMDO'12 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects
Motion Coherent Tracking Using Multi-label MRF Optimization
International Journal of Computer Vision
ACIVS'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems
Kernelized temporal cut for online temporal segmentation and recognition
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part III
Full body performance capture under uncontrolled and varying illumination: a shading-based approach
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part IV
Choosing and modeling the hand gesture database for a natural user interface
GW'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Gesture and Sign Language in Human-Computer Interaction and Embodied Communication
What, why, where and how do children think? towards a dynamic model of spatial cognition as action
GW'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Gesture and Sign Language in Human-Computer Interaction and Embodied Communication
View independent human gait recognition using markerless 3d human motion capture
ICCVG'12 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Computer Vision and Graphics
Parametric annealing: A stochastic search method for human pose tracking
Pattern Recognition
Exploring the Trade-off Between Accuracy and Observational Latency in Action Recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision
Part template: 3D representation for multiview human pose estimation
Pattern Recognition
A survey of video datasets for human action and activity recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Proceedings of the 4th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference
Two-layer dual gait generative models for human motion estimation from a single camera
Image and Vision Computing
GLocal structural feature selection with sparsity for multimedia data understanding
Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Multimedia
On-set performance capture of multiple actors with a stereo camera
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Discriminative fusion of shape and appearance features for human pose estimation
Pattern Recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A new hierarchical method for markerless human pose estimation
ICVS'13 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computer Vision Systems
ChAirGest: a challenge for multimodal mid-air gesture recognition for close HCI
Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction
Genetic programming extension to APF-based monocular human body pose estimation
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Charting-based subspace learning for video-based human action classification
Machine Vision and Applications
Regressing Local to Global Shape Properties for Online Segmentation and Tracking
International Journal of Computer Vision
Comparing evolutionary algorithms and particle filters for Markerless Human Motion Capture
Applied Soft Computing
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Generative tracking of 3D human motion in latent space by sequential clonal selection algorithm
Multimedia Tools and Applications
The Shape Boltzmann Machine: A Strong Model of Object Shape
International Journal of Computer Vision
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While research on articulated human motion and pose estimation has progressed rapidly in the last few years, there has been no systematic quantitative evaluation of competing methods to establish the current state of the art. We present data obtained using a hardware system that is able to capture synchronized video and ground-truth 3D motion. The resulting HumanEva datasets contain multiple subjects performing a set of predefined actions with a number of repetitions. On the order of 40,000 frames of synchronized motion capture and multi-view video (resulting in over one quarter million image frames in total) were collected at 60 Hz with an additional 37,000 time instants of pure motion capture data. A standard set of error measures is defined for evaluating both 2D and 3D pose estimation and tracking algorithms. We also describe a baseline algorithm for 3D articulated tracking that uses a relatively standard Bayesian framework with optimization in the form of Sequential Importance Resampling and Annealed Particle Filtering. In the context of this baseline algorithm we explore a variety of likelihood functions, prior models of human motion and the effects of algorithm parameters. Our experiments suggest that image observation models and motion priors play important roles in performance, and that in a multi-view laboratory environment, where initialization is available, Bayesian filtering tends to perform well. The datasets and the software are made available to the research community. This infrastructure will support the development of new articulated motion and pose estimation algorithms, will provide a baseline for the evaluation and comparison of new methods, and will help establish the current state of the art in human pose estimation and tracking.