The design and implementation of pie menus
Dr. Dobb's Journal
Extending Fitts' law to two-dimensional tasks
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tivoli: an electronic whiteboard for informal workgroup meetings
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
The design and evaluation of marking menus
The design and evaluation of marking menus
Designing visual interfaces: communication oriented techniques
Designing visual interfaces: communication oriented techniques
Elastic graphical interfaces to precise data manipulation
CHI '95 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Beyond Fitts' law: models for trajectory-based HCI tasks
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Elastic Windows: a hierarchical multi-window World-Wide Web browser
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Don't click, paint! Using toggle maps to manipulate sets of toggle switches
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Quikwriting: continuous stylus-based text entry
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Flatland: new dimensions in office whiteboards
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SATIN: a toolkit for informal ink-based applications
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
FlowMenu: combining command, text, and data entry
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on human-computer interaction with mobile systems
Fluid interaction with high-resolution wall-size displays
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interacting at a distance: measuring the performance of laser pointers and other devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
More than dotting the i's --- foundations for crossing-based interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Building Tablet PC Applications with Cdrom
Building Tablet PC Applications with Cdrom
Visual instruments for an interactive mural
CHI '99 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Control menus: excecution and control in a single interactor
CHI '00 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Shorthand writing on stylus keyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
High precision touch screen interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Refining Fitts' law models for bivariate pointing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Fluid interaction techniques for the control and annotation of digital video
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Perceptually-supported image editing of text and graphics
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Tactile interfaces for small touch screens
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
CrossY: a crossing-based drawing application
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Haptic pen: a tactile feedback stylus for touch screens
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Design and analysis of delimiters for selection-action pen gesture phrases in scriboli
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Fitts law 50 years later: Applications and contributions from human-computer interaction
Phrasing techniques for multi-stroke selection gestures
GI '06 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006
Optimal parameters for efficient crossing-based dialog boxes
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Fitts' law as a research and design tool in human-computer interaction
Human-Computer Interaction
Harpoon selection: efficient selections for ungrouped content on large pen-based surfaces
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
KES-AMSTA'12 Proceedings of the 6th KES international conference on Agent and Multi-Agent Systems: technologies and applications
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Traditional graphical user interfaces have been designed with the desktop mouse in mind, a device well characterized by Fitts' law. Yet in recent years, hand-held devices and tablet personal computers using a pen (or fingers) as the primary mean of interaction have become more and more popular. These new interaction modalities have pushed the traditional focus on pointing to its limit. In this paper we explore whether a different paradigm—goal crossing-based on pen strokes—may substitute or complement pointing as another fundamental interaction method. First we describe a study in which we establish that goal crossing is dependent on an index of difficulty analogous to Fitts' law, and that in some settings, goal crossing completion time is shorter or comparable to pointing performance under the same index of difficulty. We then demonstrate the expressiveness of the crossing-based interaction paradigm by implementing CrossY, an application which only uses crossing for selecting commands. CrossY demonstrates that crossing-based interactions can be more expressive than the standard point and click approach. We also show how crossing-based interactions encourage the fluid composition of commands. Finally after observing that users' performance could be influenced by the general direction of travel, we report on the results of a study characterizing this effect. These latter results led us to propose a general guideline for dialog box interaction. Together, these results provide the foundation for the design of effective crossing-based interactions.