Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Six degree-of-freedom haptic rendering using voxel sampling
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Modeling inelastic deformation: viscolelasticity, plasticity, fracture
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Dynamic real-time deformations using space & time adaptive sampling
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Graphical modeling and animation of ductile fracture
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Approximate simulation of elastic membranes by triangulated spring meshes
Journal of Graphics Tools
A constraint-based god-object method for haptic display
IROS '95 Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems-Volume 3 - Volume 3
Adaptive Simulation of Soft Bodies in Real-Time
CA '00 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Sensation preserving simplification for haptic rendering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Six-degree-of-freedom haptic rendering using incremental and localized computations
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A Versatile and Robust Model for Geometrically Complex Deformable Solids
CGI '04 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International
The virtual haptic back for palpatory training
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Six Degree-of-Freedom Haptic Rendering Using Spatialized Normal Cone Search
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Realistic Haptic Rendering of Interacting Deformable Objects in Virtual Environments
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Transparent Rendering of Tool Contact with Compliant Environments
WHC '07 Proceedings of the Second Joint EuroHaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Six-DoF Haptic Rendering of Contact Between Geometrically Complex Reduced Deformable Models
IEEE Transactions on Haptics
Haptic rendering of complex deformations through handle-space force linearization
WHC '09 Proceedings of the World Haptics 2009 - Third Joint EuroHaptics conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Haptic sculpting of multi-resolution B-spline surfaces with shaped tools
Computer-Aided Design
Tetrahedral mass spring model for fast soft tissue deformation
IS4TM'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Surgery simulation and soft tissue modeling
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In this paper, we first describe the construction of a finite element model of the human spine that may be used to assist the investigation of clinical problems by predicting its biomechanical behaviour. A beam finite element (FE) spine model for haptic interaction is built based on a solid FE spine model, which is created in an offline finite element analysis (FEA) software. The mechanical properties of the beam FE spine model are tuned so that its deformation behaviour is very similar to that of the offline solid spine model. Furthermore, the online beam FE spine model is greatly simplified as compared to the offline solid FEA model and hence more appropriate for real-time simulations. Haptic feedback is provided in the real-time simulation of the beam FE spine model, in order to enhance the human-computer interaction. Based on the results of spine deformation obtained from the haptic online FE simulator, the offline FEA spine model again is used to reproduce the same deformation and hence to provide more detailed deformation and vertebrae's stress/strain information, which the haptic beam FE model is not capable to provide. Then, we present a tetrahedral mass-spring system to model intervertebral discs, which are interposed between vertebrae, and the offline simulation can be run to achieve deformation responses of these intervertebral discs. In our research, combining the haptic beam FE model and the intervertebral disc model can be useful for studying biokinematics of the spine as well as assessing medical conditions in the spine or the biomechanical behaviour of new designs of artificial intervertebral discs.