How to prove yourself: practical solutions to identification and signature problems
Proceedings on Advances in cryptology---CRYPTO '86
Entity authentication and key distribution
CRYPTO '93 Proceedings of the 13th annual international cryptology conference on Advances in cryptology
Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms
Communications of the ACM
Anonymity, unobservability, and pseudeonymity — a proposal for terminology
International workshop on Designing privacy enhancing technologies: design issues in anonymity and unobservability
A verifiable secret shuffle and its application to e-voting
CCS '01 Proceedings of the 8th ACM conference on Computer and Communications Security
A Practical Secret Voting Scheme for Large Scale Elections
ASIACRYPT '92 Proceedings of the Workshop on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques: Advances in Cryptology
An Efficient System for Non-transferable Anonymous Credentials with Optional Anonymity Revocation
EUROCRYPT '01 Proceedings of the International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques: Advances in Cryptology
Limits of Anonymity in Open Environments
IH '02 Revised Papers from the 5th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Self-tallying Elections and Perfect Ballot Secrecy
PKC '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptosystems: Public Key Cryptography
Linkability in Practical Electronic Cash Design
ISW '00 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Information Security
A Concrete Security Treatment of Symmetric Encryption
FOCS '97 Proceedings of the 38th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Group signatures with verifier-local revocation
Proceedings of the 11th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Anonymity and information hiding in multiagent systems
Journal of Computer Security
Proceedings of the second ACM workshop on Digital identity management
Measuring relationship anonymity in mix networks
Proceedings of the 5th ACM workshop on Privacy in electronic society
Advances in cryptographic voting systems
Advances in cryptographic voting systems
Information hiding, anonymity and privacy: a modular approach
Journal of Computer Security - Special issue on WITS'02
Probabilistic analysis of onion routing in a black-box model
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM workshop on Privacy in electronic society
An Indistinguishability-Based Characterization of Anonymous Channels
PETS '08 Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Measuring Anonymity: The Disclosure Attack
IEEE Security and Privacy
Measuring unlinkability revisited
Proceedings of the 7th ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society
Revisiting a combinatorial approach toward measuring anonymity
Proceedings of the 7th ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society
Measuring the Effectiveness and the Fairness of Relation Hiding Systems
APSCC '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference
Relations Among Privacy Notions
Financial Cryptography and Data Security
Towards an information theoretic metric for anonymity
PET'02 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
PET'02 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
EUROCRYPT'03 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Theory and applications of cryptographic techniques
Attacking unlinkability: the importance of context
PET'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
A framework for quantification of linkability within a privacy-enhancing identity management system
ETRICS'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Emerging Trends in Information and Communication Security
On the limits of provable anonymity
Proceedings of the 12th ACM workshop on Workshop on privacy in the electronic society
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This article presents a hierarchy of privacy notions that covers multiple anonymity and unlinkability variants. The underlying definitions, which are based on the idea of indistinguishability between two worlds, provide new insights into the relation between, and the fundamental structure of, different privacy notions. We furthermore place previous privacy definitions concerning group signature, anonymous communication, and secret voting systems in the context of our hierarchy; this renders these traditionally disconnected notions comparable.