Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software
Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software
Of mice and monkeys: a specialized input device for virtual body animation
I3D '95 Proceedings of the 1995 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Virtual reality on a WIM: interactive worlds in miniature
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The go-go interaction technique: non-linear mapping for direct manipulation in VR
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Communications of the ACM
Tangible bits: towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Pick-and-drop: a direct manipulation technique for multiple computer environments
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Direct manipulation vs. interface agents
interactions
Voodoo dolls: seamless interaction at multiple scales in virtual environments
I3D '99 Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Instrumental interaction: an interaction model for designing post-WIMP user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Where the action is: the foundations of embodied interaction
Where the action is: the foundations of embodied interaction
ACM-SE 42 Proceedings of the 42nd annual Southeast regional conference
Designing interaction, not interfaces
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Exploratory Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Data: A Systematic Approach
Exploratory Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Data: A Systematic Approach
HybridPointing: fluid switching between absolute and relative pointing with a direct input device
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Beautiful Evidence
Scented Widgets: Improving Navigation Cues with Embedded Visualizations
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Reality-based interaction: a framework for post-WIMP interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
VIGO: instrumental interaction in multi-surface environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction
Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction
Augmenting the scope of interactions with implicit and explicit graphical structures
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Direct manipulation has had major influence on interface design since it was proposed by Shneiderman in 1982. Although directness generally benefits users, direct manipulation also has weaknesses. In some cases, such as when a user needs to manipulate small, attribute-rich objects or multiple objects simultaneously, indirect manipulation may be more efficient at the cost of directness or intuitiveness of the interaction. Several techniques have been developed over the years to address these issues, but these are all isolated and limited efforts with no coherent underlying principle. We propose the notion of Surrogate Interaction that ties together a large subset of these techniques through the use of a surrogate object that allow users to interact with the surrogate instead of the domain object. We believe that formalizing this family of interaction techniques will provide an additional and powerful interface design alternative for interaction designers, as well as uncover opportunities for future research.