Least-Squares Fitting of Two 3-D Point Sets
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Method for Registration of 3-D Shapes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Special issue on interpretation of 3-D scenes—part II
A comparison of four algorithms for estimating 3-D rigid transformations
BMVC '95 Proceedings of the 1995 British conference on Machine vision (Vol. 1)
Learning metric-topological maps for indoor mobile robot navigation
Artificial Intelligence
Simultaneous registration of multiple range views for use in reverse engineering of CAD models
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on CAD-based computer vision
Globally Consistent Range Scan Alignment for Environment Mapping
Autonomous Robots
ICVS '01 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Computer Vision Systems
Exploring artificial intelligence in the new millennium
Fast global registration of 3D sampled surfaces using a multi-z-buffer technique
NRC '97 Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling
Multiview registration for large data sets
3DIM'99 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on 3-D digital imaging and modeling
Localization methods for a mobile robot in urban environments
IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Range determination for mobile robots using an omnidirectional camera
Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering - Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics
6D SLAM with cached K-D tree search
RA '07 Proceedings of the 13th IASTED International Conference on Robotics and Applications
3D mapping with multi-resolution occupied voxel lists
Autonomous Robots
6D scan registration using depth-interpolated local image features
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
An inexpensive 3D scanner for indoor mobile robots
IROS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on Intelligent robots and systems
IROS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on Intelligent robots and systems
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6D SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) or 6D Concurrent Localization and Mapping of mobile robots considers six dimensions for the robot pose, namely, the x, y and z coordinates and the roll, yaw and pitch angles. Robot motion and localization on natural surfaces, e.g., driving with a mobile robot outdoor, must regard these degrees of freedom. This paper presents a robotic mapping method based on locally consistent 3D laser range scans. Scan matching, combined with a heuristic for closed loop detection and a global relaxation method, results in a highly precise mapping system for outdoor environments. The mobile robot Kurt3D was used to acquire data of the Schloss Birlinghoven campus. The resulting 3D map is compared with ground truth, given by an aerial photograph.