Dr. Dobb's Journal
The MD4 Message Digest Algorithm
CRYPTO '90 Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
An Attack on the Last Two Rounds of MD4
CRYPTO '91 Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Random oracles are practical: a paradigm for designing efficient protocols
CCS '93 Proceedings of the 1st ACM conference on Computer and communications security
On the Security of Reduced Versions of 3-Pass HAVAL
ACISP '02 Proceedings of the 7th Australian Conference on Information Security and Privacy
HAS-V: A New Hash Function with Variable Output Length
SAC '00 Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Workshop on Selected Areas in Cryptography
On the Security of RSA Encryption in TLS
CRYPTO '02 Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
MDx-MAC and Building Fast MACs from Hash Functions
CRYPTO '95 Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
The State of Cryptographic Hash Functions
Lectures on Data Security, Modern Cryptology in Theory and Practice, Summer School, Aarhus, Denmark, July 1998
Cryptographic Primitives for Information Authentication - State of the Art
State of the Art in Applied Cryptography, Course on Computer Security and Industrial Cryptography - Revised Lectures
High-Speed Pseudorandom Number Generation with Small Memory
FSE '99 Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
ASIC-hardware-focused comparison for hash functions MD5, RIPEMD-160, and SHS
Integration, the VLSI Journal - Special issue: Embedded cryptographic hardware
A survey of recent developments in cryptographic algorithms for smart cards
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Cryptographic strength of ssl/tls servers: current and recent practices
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Practical key-recovery attack against APOP, an MD5-based challenge-response authentication
International Journal of Applied Cryptography
The Collision Intractability of MDC-2 in the Ideal-Cipher Model
EUROCRYPT '07 Proceedings of the 26th annual international conference on Advances in Cryptology
Second Preimage Attack on 3-Pass HAVAL and Partial Key-Recovery Attacks on HMAC/NMAC-3-Pass HAVAL
Fast Software Encryption
Preimage Attacks on Step-Reduced MD5
ACISP '08 Proceedings of the 13th Australasian conference on Information Security and Privacy
A New Type of 2-Block Collisions in MD5
INDOCRYPT '08 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Cryptology in India: Progress in Cryptology
New Message Differences for Collision Attacks on MD4 and MD5
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
A Hardware Architecture for Integrated-Security Services
Transactions on Computational Science IV
Cryptanalysis on HMAC/NMAC-MD5 and MD5-MAC
EUROCRYPT '09 Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Advances in Cryptology: the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
Finding Preimages in Full MD5 Faster Than Exhaustive Search
EUROCRYPT '09 Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Advances in Cryptology: the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
The State of Hash Functions and the NIST SHA-3 Competition
Information Security and Cryptology
Improved collision attack on hash function MD5
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Distinguishing Attack on the Secret-Prefix MAC Based on the 39-Step SHA-256
ACISP '09 Proceedings of the 14th Australasian Conference on Information Security and Privacy
On Free-Start Collisions and Collisions for TIB3
ISC '09 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Security
ISC '09 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Security
Bit-Free Collision: Application to APOP Attack
IWSEC '09 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Security: Advances in Information and Computer Security
MD5 Is Weaker Than Weak: Attacks on Concatenated Combiners
ASIACRYPT '09 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security: Advances in Cryptology
Security of Cyclic Double Block Length Hash Functions
Cryptography and Coding '09 Proceedings of the 12th IMA International Conference on Cryptography and Coding
A composition theorem for universal one-way hash functions
EUROCRYPT'00 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Full key-recovery attacks on HMAC/NMAC-MD4 and NMAC-MD5
CRYPTO'07 Proceedings of the 27th annual international cryptology conference on Advances in cryptology
A simple variant of the Merkle-Damgård scheme with a permutation
ASIACRYPT'07 Proceedings of the Advances in Crypotology 13th international conference on Theory and application of cryptology and information security
Boosting Merkle-Damgård hashing for message authentication
ASIACRYPT'07 Proceedings of the Advances in Crypotology 13th international conference on Theory and application of cryptology and information security
A symbolic intruder model for hash-collision attacks
ASIAN'06 Proceedings of the 11th Asian computing science conference on Advances in computer science: secure software and related issues
On authentication with HMAC and non-random properties
FC'07/USEC'07 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Financial cryptography and 1st International conference on Usable Security
New key-recovery attacks on HMAC/NMAC-MD4 and NMAC-MD5
EUROCRYPT'08 Proceedings of the theory and applications of cryptographic techniques 27th annual international conference on Advances in cryptology
Security of MD5 challenge and response: extension of APOP password recovery attack
CT-RSA'08 Proceedings of the 2008 The Cryptopgraphers' Track at the RSA conference on Topics in cryptology
Distinguishing attack on secret prefix MAC instantiated with reduced SHA-1
ICISC'09 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Information security and cryptology
Cryptography for network security: failures, successes and challenges
MMM-ACNS'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mathematical methods, models and architectures for computer network security
Collision resistant double-length hashing
ProvSec'10 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Provable security
Practical near-collisions on the compression function of BMW
FSE'11 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Fast software encryption
Collisions of MMO-MD5 and their impact on original MD5
AFRICACRYPT'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Progress in cryptology in Africa
Distinguishing attacks on LPMAC based on the full RIPEMD and reduced-step RIPEMD-{256, 320}
Inscrypt'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information security and cryptology
The power of recognition: secure single sign-on using TLS channel bindings
Proceedings of the 7th ACM workshop on Digital identity management
Collision attack for the hash function extended MD4
ICICS'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Information and communications security
On the collision resistance of RIPEMD-160
ISC'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Information Security
Forgery and partial key-recovery attacks on HMAC and NMAC using hash collisions
ASIACRYPT'06 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security
A new dedicated 256-bit hash function: FORK-256
FSE'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Fast Software Encryption
A study of the MD5 attacks: insights and improvements
FSE'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Fast Software Encryption
Memoryless near-collisions via coding theory
Designs, Codes and Cryptography
ECRYPT: the cryptographic research challenges for the next decade
SCN'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Security in Communication Networks
Non-randomness of the full 4 and 5-pass HAVAL
SCN'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Security in Communication Networks
Cryptanalysis of the hash functions MD4 and RIPEMD
EUROCRYPT'05 Proceedings of the 24th annual international conference on Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
How to break MD5 and other hash functions
EUROCRYPT'05 Proceedings of the 24th annual international conference on Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
New proofs for NMAC and HMAC: security without collision-resistance
CRYPTO'06 Proceedings of the 26th annual international conference on Advances in Cryptology
Applications of SAT solvers to cryptanalysis of hash functions
SAT'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing
Constructing secure hash functions by enhancing merkle-damgård construction
ACISP'06 Proceedings of the 11th Australasian conference on Information Security and Privacy
The first 30 years of cryptographic hash functions and the NIST SHA-3 competition
CT-RSA'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Topics in Cryptology
Modifications of SHA-0 to prevent attacks
ICISS'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Information Systems Security
SAC'05 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography
Improved collision attack on MD4 with probability almost 1
ICISC'05 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Information Security and Cryptology
Boomerang distinguishers on MD4-Family: first practical results on full 5-pass HAVAL
SAC'11 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography
Chosen-prefix collisions for MD5 and applications
International Journal of Applied Cryptography
The collision security of MDC-4
AFRICACRYPT'12 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Cryptology in Africa
Weimar-DM: a highly secure double-length compression function
ACISP'12 Proceedings of the 17th Australasian conference on Information Security and Privacy
Secure transmission of authenticated messages using new encoding scheme and Steganography
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Science, Engineering and Information Technology
Differential attacks on reduced RIPEMD-160
ISC'12 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Information Security
On the (in)security of IDEA in various hashing modes
FSE'12 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Fast Software Encryption
Fast password recovery attack: application to APOP
Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing
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At Crypto '91 Ronald L. Rivest introduced the MD5 Message Digest Algorithm as a strengthened version of MD4, differing from it on six points. Four changes are due to the two existing attacks on the two round versions of MD4. The other two changes should additionally strengthen MD5. However both these changes cannot be described as well-considered. One of them results in an approximate relation between any four consecutive additive constants. The other allows to create collisions for the compression function of MD5. In this paper an algorithm is described that finds such collisions.A C program implementing the algorithm establishes a work load of finding about 216 collisions for the first two rounds of the MD5 compression function to find a collision for the entire four round function. On a 33MHz 80386 based PC the mean run time of this program is about 4 minutes.