Compilers: principles, techniques, and tools
Compilers: principles, techniques, and tools
Linear scan register allocation
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Efficient architecture/compiler co-exploration for ASIPs
CASES '02 Proceedings of the 2002 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
Instruction generation for hybrid reconfigurable systems
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
From ASIC to ASIP: The Next Design Discontinuity
ICCD '02 Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors (ICCD'02)
Automatic generation of application specific processors
Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
Application-specific instruction generation for configurable processor architectures
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Characterizing embedded applications for instruction-set extensible processors
Proceedings of the 41st annual Design Automation Conference
Proceedings of the 37th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Instruction set extension with shadow registers for configurable processors
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/SIGDA 13th international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Exploiting pipelining to relax register-file port constraints of instruction-set extensions
Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Compilers, architectures and synthesis for embedded systems
MiBench: A free, commercially representative embedded benchmark suite
WWC '01 Proceedings of the Workload Characterization, 2001. WWC-4. 2001 IEEE International Workshop
Architecture and compilation for data bandwidth improvement in configurable embedded processors
ICCAD '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
Fast, quasi-optimal, and pipelined instruction-set extensions
Proceedings of the 2008 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Analysis of the influence of register file size on energy consumption, code size, and execution time
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Custom-instruction synthesis for extensible-processor platforms
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Exact and approximate algorithms for the extension of embedded processor instruction sets
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
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Application-Specific Instruction set Processor (ASIP) has become an important design choice for embedded systems. It can achieve both high flexibility offered by the base processor core and high performance and energy efficiency offered by the dedicated hardware extensions. Although a lot of efforts have been devoted to computation acceleration, for example, automatic custom instruction identification and synthesis, limited on-chip data storage elements including the register file and data cache have become a potential performance bottleneck. For custom instructions that have more inputs and/or outputs than the generic register file I/O ports, custom registers are added in ASIPs to satisfy the need of additional inputs and outputs, and traditionally they are used only by custom instructions. In this article, we propose a hardware/software cooperative approach with a linear scan register allocation algorithm, which allows base instructions to utilize the existing custom registers in ASIPs for eliminating register spills of the program. The data traffic between the base processor and off-chip memory can be replaced with energy-efficient on-chip communications between the processor core and custom hardware extensions. Our experimental results demonstrate that a significant performance gain can be achieved, orthogonal to improvements by other techniques in ASIP design.