ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A multiple, virtual-workspace interface to support user task switching
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
Situated information spaces and spatially aware palmtop computers
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Data mountain: using spatial memory for document management
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Kinesthetic cues aid spatial memory
CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Peephole displays: pen interaction on spatially aware handheld computers
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Halo: a technique for visualizing off-screen objects
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
VisualIDs: automatic distinctive icons for desktop interfaces
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Interacting with dynamically defined information spaces using a handheld projector and a pen
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Sweep-Shake: finding digital resources in physical environments
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
Virtual shelves: interactions with orientation aware devices
Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
OZCHI '09 Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group: Design: Open 24/7
Touch projector: mobile interaction through video
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Exploiting the icon arrangement on mobile devices as information source for context-awareness
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Imaginary interfaces: spatial interaction with empty hands and without visual feedback
UIST '10 Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Characterizing user performance with assisted direct off-screen pointing
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
Imaginary phone: learning imaginary interfaces by transferring spatial memory from a familiar device
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Visual separation in mobile multi-display environments
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Toward compound navigation tasks on mobiles via spatial manipulation
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
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We introduce spatially-aware virtual workspaces for the mobile environment. The notion of virtual workspaces was initially conceived to alleviate mental workload in desktop environments with limited display real-estate. Using spatial properties of mobile devices, we translate this approach and illustrate that mobile virtual workspaces greatly improve task performance for mobile devices. In a first study, we compare our spatially-aware prototype (mSpaces) to existing context switching methods for navigating amongst multiple tasks in the mobile environment. We show that users are faster, make more accurate decisions and require less mental and physical effort when using spatially-aware prototypes. We furthermore prototype pSpaces and m+pSpaces, two spatially-aware systems equipped with pico-projectors as auxiliary displays to provide dual-display capability to the handheld device. A final study reveals advantages of each of the different configurations and functionalities when comparing all three prototypes. Drawing on these findings, we identify design considerations to create, manipulate and manage spatially-aware virtual workspaces in the mobile environment.