How does Fitts' law fit pointing and dragging?
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '95 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Computational models of information scent-following in a very large browsable text collection
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Beyond Fitts' law: models for trajectory-based HCI tasks
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Hierarchical flip zooming: enabling parallel exploration of hierarchical visualizations
AVI '00 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Quantitative analysis of scrolling techniques
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Kinesthetic cues aid spatial memory
CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Peephole displays: pen interaction on spatially aware handheld computers
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Halo: a technique for visualizing off-screen objects
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
City lights: contextual views in minimal space
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Faster document navigation with space-filling thumbnails
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An evaluation of pan & zoom and rubber sheet navigation with and without an overview
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Navigating on handheld displays: Dynamic versus static peephole navigation
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Comparing visualizations for tracking off-screen moving targets
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Map navigation with mobile devices: virtual versus physical movement with and without visual context
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Wedge: clutter-free visualization of off-screen locations
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Peephole pointing: modeling acquisition of dynamically revealed targets
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SideSight: multi-"touch" interaction around small devices
Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Piles across space: Breaking the real-estate barrier on small-display devices
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Hoverflow: exploring around-device interaction with IR distance sensors
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
Abracadabra: wireless, high-precision, and unpowered finger input for very small mobile devices
Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Virtual shelves: interactions with orientation aware devices
Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Techniques for interacting with off-screen content
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part II
Imaginary interfaces: spatial interaction with empty hands and without visual feedback
UIST '10 Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Around device interaction for multiscale navigation
MobileHCI '12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
m+pSpaces: virtual workspaces in the spatially-aware mobile environment
MobileHCI '12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Thumb widgets: apply thumb-tracking to enhance capabilities of multi-touch on mobile devices
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
BeThere: 3D mobile collaboration with spatial input
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
The limited viewport size of mobile devices requires that users continuously acquire information that lies beyond the edge of the screen. Recent hardware solutions are capable of continually tracking a user's finger around the device. This has created new opportunities for interactive solutions, such as direct off-screen pointing: the ability to directly point at objects that are outside the viewport. We empirically characterize user performance with direct off-screen pointing when assisted by target cues. We predict time and accuracy outcomes for direct off-screen pointing with existing and derived models. We validate the models with good results (R2 ≥ 0.9) and reveal that direct off-screen pointing takes up to four times longer than pointing at visible targets, depending on the desired accuracy tradeoff. Pointing accuracy degrades logarithmically with target distance. We discuss design implications in the context of several real-world applications.