Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Virtual voyage: interactive navigation in the human colon
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Cell-based first-hit ray casting
VISSYM '02 Proceedings of the symposium on Data Visualisation 2002
STEPS - An Application for Simulation of Transsphenoidal Endonasal Pituitary Surgery
VIS '04 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '04
VV '04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Symposium on Volume Visualization and Graphics
Advanced Virtual Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Acceleration Techniques for GPU-based Volume Rendering
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Visualization 2003 (VIS'03)
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Course Notes
Efficient display of background objects for virtual endoscopy using flexible first-hit ray casting
VISSYM'04 Proceedings of the Sixth Joint Eurographics - IEEE TCVG conference on Visualization
Translucent and opaque direct volume rendering for virtual endoscopy applications
VG'01 Proceedings of the 2001 Eurographics conference on Volume Graphics
GPU-based object-order ray-casting for large datasets
VG'05 Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Volume Graphics
A simple and flexible volume rendering framework for graphics-hardware-based raycasting
VG'05 Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Volume Graphics
Exploded Views for Volume Data
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
High-Quality Multimodal Volume Rendering for Preoperative Planning of Neurosurgical Interventions
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Using X3D for medical training simulations
Web3D '08 Proceedings of the 13th international symposium on 3D web technology
Dynamic Model-Driven Quantitative and Visual Evaluation of the Aortic Valve from 4D CT
MICCAI '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention - Part I
Advanced illumination techniques for GPU volume raycasting
ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 courses
Visualization and GPU-accelerated simulation of medical ultrasound from CT images
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Technical Section: Visual computing for medical diagnosis and treatment
Computers and Graphics
Advanced illumination techniques for GPU-based volume raycasting
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 Courses
Accelerating volume rendering by ray leaping with back steps
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Proceedings of the 2012 International Workshop on Programming Models and Applications for Multicores and Manycores
Accelerating volume raycasting using occlusion frustums
SPBG'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Point-Based Graphics
Multi-layer volume ray casting on GPU
VG'10 Proceedings of the 8th IEEE/EG international conference on Volume Graphics
Real-time surface analysis and tagged material cleansing for virtual colonoscopy
VG'10 Proceedings of the 8th IEEE/EG international conference on Volume Graphics
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Virtual endoscopy has proven to be a very powerful tool in endoscopic surgery. However, most virtual endoscopy systems are restricted to rendering isosurfaces or require segmentation in order to visualize additional objects behind occluding tissue. This paper presents a system for real-time perspective direct volume and isosurface rendering, which allows to simultaneously visualize both the interesting tissue and everything that is behind. Large volume data can be viewed seamlessly from inside or outside the volume without any pre-computation or segmentation. Our system uses a novel ray-casting pipeline for GPUs that has been optimized for the requirements of virtual endoscopy and also allows easy incorporation of auxiliary geometry, e.g., for displaying parts of the endoscopic device, pointers, or grid lines for orientation purposes. We present three main applications of this system and the underlying ray-casting algorithm. Although our ray-casting approach is of general applicability, we have specifically applied it to virtual colonoscopy, virtual angioscopy, and virtual pituitary surgery.