Specifying gestures by example
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Charade: remote control of objects using free-hand gestures
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
The immediate usability of graffiti
Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface '97
Implications for a gesture design tool
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Visual similarity of pen gestures
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Shorthand writing on stylus keyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Workspace awareness in real-time distributed groupware
Workspace awareness in real-time distributed groupware
Maximizing the guessability of symbolic input
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Gesture Registration, Relaxation, and Reuse for Multi-Point Direct-Touch Surfaces
TABLETOP '06 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems
Cooperative gestures: multi-user gestural interactions for co-located groupware
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Command strokes with and without preview: using pen gestures on keyboard for command selection
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Hard lessons: effort-inducing interfaces benefit spatial learning
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Gestures without libraries, toolkits or training: a $1 recognizer for user interface prototypes
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
OctoPocus: a dynamic guide for learning gesture-based command sets
Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
User-defined gestures for surface computing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
GestureBar: improving the approachability of gesture-based interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using strokes as command shortcuts: cognitive benefits and toolkit support
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Understanding Multi-touch Manipulation for Surface Computing
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part II
Investigating multi-touch and pen gestures for diagram editing on interactive surfaces
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
ShadowGuides: visualizations for in-situ learning of multi-touch and whole-hand gestures
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
Understanding users' preferences for surface gestures
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2010
User-defined gestures for connecting mobile phones, public displays, and tabletops
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
A set of multi-touch graph interaction techniques
ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
User-defined motion gestures for mobile interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
AirStroke: bringing unistroke text entry to freehand gesture interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Studying user-defined iPad gestures for interaction in multi-display environment
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
LightGuide: projected visualizations for hand movement guidance
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Gesture coder: a tool for programming multi-touch gestures by demonstration
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proton: multitouch gestures as regular expressions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
$N-protractor: a fast and accurate multistroke recognizer
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2012
Understanding user gestures for manipulating 3D objects from touchscreen inputs
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2012
User-defined gestures for free-hand TV control
Proceedings of the 10th European conference on Interactive tv and video
Foundational Issues in Touch-Surface Stroke Gesture Design
Foundational Issues in Touch-Surface Stroke Gesture Design
The challenges and potential of end-user gesture customization
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The challenges and potential of end-user gesture customization
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Transmogrification: causal manipulation of visualizations
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
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We studied the memorability of free-form gesture sets for invoking actions. We compared three types of gesture sets: user-defined gesture sets, gesture sets designed by the authors, and random gesture sets in three studies with 33 participants in total. We found that user-defined gestures are easier to remember, both immediately after creation and on the next day (up to a 24% difference in recall rate compared to pre-designed gestures). We also discovered that the differences between gesture sets are mostly due to association errors (rather than gesture form errors), that participants prefer user-defined sets, and that they think user-defined gestures take less time to learn. Finally, we contribute a qualitative analysis of the tradeoffs involved in gesture type selection and share our data and a video corpus of 66 gestures for replicability and further analysis.