Complexity of Lattice Problems
Complexity of Lattice Problems
Computers and Intractability; A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Computers and Intractability; A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Sequential Circuit Design Using Synthesis and Optimization
ICCD '92 Proceedings of the 1991 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design on VLSI in Computer & Processors
k-anonymity: a model for protecting privacy
International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems
Performance Evaluation of the VF Graph Matching Algorithm
ICIAP '99 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing
2.5D system integration: a design driven system implementation schema
Proceedings of the 2004 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Demystifying 3D ICs: The Pros and Cons of Going Vertical
IEEE Design & Test
Measuring the gap between FPGAs and ASICs
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/SIGDA 14th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Trojan Detection using IC Fingerprinting
SP '07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Trusted hardware: can it be trustworthy?
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
Designing and implementing malicious hardware
LEET'08 Proceedings of the 1st Usenix Workshop on Large-Scale Exploits and Emergent Threats
N-variant IC design: methodology and applications
Proceedings of the 45th annual Design Automation Conference
EPIC: ending piracy of integrated circuits
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach
Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach
Preserving Privacy in Social Networks Against Neighborhood Attacks
ICDE '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE 24th International Conference on Data Engineering
A Survey of Hardware Trojan Taxonomy and Detection
IEEE Design & Test
On the importance of checking cryptographic protocols for faults
EUROCRYPT'97 Proceedings of the 16th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Overcoming an Untrusted Computing Base: Detecting and Removing Malicious Hardware Automatically
SP '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Hardware assistance for trustworthy systems through 3-D integration
Proceedings of the 26th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
SP '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Security analysis of logic obfuscation
Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference
IEEE Spectrum
Breakthrough silicon scanning discovers backdoor in military chip
CHES'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Is split manufacturing secure?
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
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The fabrication of digital Integrated Circuits (ICs) is increasingly outsourced. Given this trend, security is recognized as an important issue. The threat agent is an attacker at the IC foundry that has information about the circuit and inserts covert, malicious circuitry. The use of 3D IC technology has been suggested as a possible technique to counter this threat. However, to our knowledge, there is no prior work on how such technology can be used effectively. We propose a way to use 3D IC technology for security in this context. Specifically, we obfuscate the circuit by lifting wires to a trusted tier, which is fabricated separately. This is referred to as split manufacturing. For this setting, we provide a precise notion of security, that we call k-security, and a characterization of the underlying computational problems and their complexity. We further propose a concrete approach for identifying sets of wires to be lifted, and the corresponding security they provide. We conclude with a comprehensive empirical assessment with benchmark circuits that highlights the security versus cost trade-offs introduced by 3D IC based circuit obfuscation.