Static scheduling of synchronous data flow programs for digital signal processing
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems
Science of Computer Programming
LUSTRE: a declarative language for real-time programming
POPL '87 Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages
The ESTEREL synchronous programming language: design, semantics, implementation
Science of Computer Programming
Proceedings of the first ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Functional programming
Efficient compilation of ESTEREL for real-time embedded systems
CASES '00 Proceedings of the 2000 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
Communicating sequential processes
Communications of the ACM
FunState—an internal design representation for codesign
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Software Synthesis from Dataflow Graphs
Software Synthesis from Dataflow Graphs
From simulink to SCADE/lustre to TTA: a layered approach for distributed embedded applications
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Language, compiler, and tool for embedded systems
On efficient program synthesis from statecharts
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Language, compiler, and tool for embedded systems
Optimized software synthesis for synchronous dataflow
ASAP '97 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors
Design optimization of mixed time/event-triggered distributed embedded systems
Proceedings of the 1st IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
TDMA Time Slot and Turn Optimization with Evolutionary Search Techniques
Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe - Volume 1
Applying Sensitivity Analysis in Real-Time Distributed Systems
RTAS '05 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE Real Time on Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium
A GA-based scheduling method for FlexRay systems
Proceedings of the 5th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Concurrency in Synchronous Systems
Formal Methods in System Design
RTSS '06 Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Methods for multi-dimensional robustness optimization in complex embedded systems
EMSOFT '07 Proceedings of the 7th ACM & IEEE international conference on Embedded software
Definition of Task Allocation and Priority Assignment in Hard Real-Time Distributed Systems
RTSS '07 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Timing analysis of the FlexRay communication protocol
Real-Time Systems
Implementing Synchronous Models on Loosely Time Triggered Architectures
IEEE Transactions on Computers
A generalized static data flow clustering algorithm for mpsoc scheduling of multimedia applications
EMSOFT '08 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Embedded software
A Multi-Periodic Synchronous Data-Flow Language
HASE '08 Proceedings of the 2008 11th IEEE High Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium
FlexRay schedule optimization of the static segment
CODES+ISSS '09 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Integrated scheduling and synthesis of control applications on distributed embedded systems
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
A generalized scheduling approach for dynamic dataflow applications
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Improving platform-based system synthesis by satisfiability modulo theories solving
CODES/ISSS '10 Proceedings of the eighth IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Stressing Search with Scenarios for Flexible Solutions to Real-Time Task Allocation Problems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Scheduling for Fault-Tolerant Communication on the Static Segment of FlexRay
RTSS '10 Proceedings of the 2010 31st IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Reliability-aware frame packing for the static segment of flexray
EMSOFT '11 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Embedded software
A framework for comparing models of computation
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
An Esterel compiler for large control-dominated systems
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Optimization of task allocation and priority assignment in hard real-time distributed systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
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Future automobiles will support an increasing number of complex, distributed functions such as active safety and X-by-wire. In a model-based design flow, system properties can be verified in advance on function models, by simulation or model checking. To ensure that the properties still hold for the final deployed system, the implementation into software tasks and communication messages should preserve the semantics properties of the model. FlexRay offers deterministic communication and can be used to provide distributed implementations that are provably equivalent to models like those created from Simulink, by designing the schedule to ensure the preservation of communication flows. In some cases, such a schedule is not feasible and the model should be modified by adding communication delays. We provide a formulation of the FlexRay scheduling problem that computes the optimal solution with respect to the number of additional delays when a flow-preserving implementation is not possible. The aforementioned scheduling options are applied to an X-by-wire system and a case study with active-safety functions to highlight tradeoffs between schedulability and additional functional delays.