A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Layered construction for deformable animated characters
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer facial animation
ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
Communications of the ACM
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Sample-Based Synthesis of Photo-Realistic Talking Heads
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Facial Deformations for MPEG-4
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Using the Active Appearance Algorithm for Face and Facial Feature Tracking
RATFG-RTS '01 Proceedings of the IEEE ICCV Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems (RATFG-RTS'01)
A parametric model for human faces.
A parametric model for human faces.
Graphical Models
Function-defined shape metamorphoses in VRML
GRAPHITE '05 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Expressive Facial Animation Synthesis by Learning Speech Coarticulation and Expression Spaces
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Facial motion cloning with radial basis functions in MPEG-4 FBA
Graphical Models
Charisma: High-performance Web-based MPEG-compliant animation framework
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Special Issue: Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology
Proceedings of the Seventh Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
The application of MPEG-4 compliant animation to a modern games engine and animation framework
MIG'10 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Motion in games
An affective user interface based on facial expression recognition and eye-gaze tracking
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Intelligent content production for a virtual speaker
IMTCI'04 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Intelligent Media Technology for Communicative Intelligence
3-D facial expression recognition-synthesis on PDA incorporating emotional timing
PCM'04 Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Rim Conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - Volume Part II
3D Talking-Head Interface to Voice-Interactive Services on Mobile Phones
International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction
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Talking virtual characters are graphical simulations of real or imaginary persons capable of human-like behavior, most importantly talking and gesturing. They may find applications on the Internet and mobile platforms as newscasters, customer service representatives, sales representatives, guides etc. After briefly discussing the possible applications and the technical requirements for bringing such applications to life, we describe our approach to enable these applications: the Facial Animation Framework. This framework consists of (1) a lightweitht, portable, MPEG-4 compatible Facial Animation Player, (2) a system for fast production of ready-to-animate, MPEG-4 compatible face models and (3) a plethora of MPEG-4 compatible tools for Facial Animation content production. We believe that this kind of approach offers enough flexibility to rapidly adapt to a broad range of applications involving facial animation on various platforms.