Distance transformations in digital images
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Finding local maxima in a pseudo-Euclidean distance transform
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Geometrically deformed models: a method for extracting closed geometric models form volume data
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Simulating the Grassfire Transform Using an Active Contour Model
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Generating skeletons and centerlines from the distance transform
CVGIP: Graphical Models and Image Processing
Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization '96
Volume thinning for automatic isosurface propagation
Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization '96
A fully parallel 3D thinning algorithm and its applications
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Virtual voyage: interactive navigation in the human colon
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Sequential Operations in Digital Picture Processing
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
An Algorithm for the Medial Axis Transform of 3D Polyhedral Solids
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Shape Description By Medial Surface Construction
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Visualizing Vector Field Topology in Fluid Flows
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Distance Field Manipulation of Surface Models
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Extracting and Representing the Cortical Sulci
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
CEASAR: a smooth, accurate and robust centerline extraction algorithm
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '00
A continuous skeletonization method based on level sets
VISSYM '02 Proceedings of the symposium on Data Visualisation 2002
An augmented Fast Marching Method for computing skeletons and centerlines
VISSYM '02 Proceedings of the symposium on Data Visualisation 2002
Web-Based 3D Geometry Model Retrieval
World Wide Web
Distance-field based skeletons for virtual navigation
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '01
Penalized-Distance Volumetric Skeleton Algorithm
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Reliable Path for Virtual Endoscopy: Ensuring Complete Examination of Human Organs
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Virtual Endoscopy Using Cubic QuickTime-VR Panorama Views
MICCAI '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention-Part II
Automatic Animation Skeleton Construction Using Repulsive Force Field
PG '03 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing
An evolutionary optimization approach for 3D human head model classification
MIR '03 Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGMM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
Segmentation of black and white cartoons
SCCG '03 Proceedings of the 19th spring conference on Computer graphics
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Visualization 2003 (VIS'03)
Simultaneous shape decomposition and skeletonization
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM symposium on Solid and physical modeling
Curve-Skeleton Properties, Applications, and Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Defining and computing curve-skeletons with medial geodesic function
SGP '06 Proceedings of the fourth Eurographics symposium on Geometry processing
Skeleton extraction by mesh contraction
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Volume decomposition and hierarchical skeletonization
VRCAI '08 Proceedings of The 7th ACM SIGGRAPH International Conference on Virtual-Reality Continuum and Its Applications in Industry
An extension to 3D topological thinning method based on LUT for colon centerline extraction
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Automatic Segmentation of Scanned Human Body Using Curve Skeleton Analysis
MIRAGE '09 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computer Vision/Computer Graphics CollaborationTechniques
Computers in Biology and Medicine
Computers in Biology and Medicine
3D reconstruction of large tubular geometries from CT data
IS4TM'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Surgery simulation and soft tissue modeling
Segmentation of pulmonary vascular trees from thoracic 3D CT images
Journal of Biomedical Imaging
Original paper: Real time feature extraction and Standard Cutting Models fitting in grape leaves
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Vessel segmentation for ablation treatment planning and simulation
MICCAI'10 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention: Part I
A mobile environment for sketching-based skeleton generation
World Wide Web
Image skeletonization based on curve skeleton extraction
HCII'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction: design and development approaches - Volume Part I
MICCAI'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention - Volume Part I
Harmonic skeleton guided evaluation of stenoses in human coronary arteries
MICCAI'05 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention - Volume Part I
Differential fly-throughs (DFT): a general framework for computing flight paths
MICCAI'05 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention - Volume Part I
PDE-Based three dimensional path planning for virtual endoscopy
IPMI'05 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging
Loop removal from colon central path through skeleton scale-space tracking
ISVC'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Advances in Visual Computing
Comparison of FLDA, MLP and SVM in diagnosis of lung nodule
MLDM'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition
Application of visualization in virtual endoscopy system
Transactions on Edutainment III
Robust curve skeleton extraction for vascular structures
Graphical Models
Hybrid distance field computation
VG'01 Proceedings of the 2001 Eurographics conference on Volume Graphics
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Skeletonization promises to become a powerful tool for compact shape description, path planning, and other applications. However, current techniques can seldom efficiently process real, complicated 3D data sets, such as MRI and CT data of human organs. In this paper, we present an efficient voxel-coding based algorithm for skeletonization of 3D voxelized objects. The skeletons are interpreted as connected centerlines, consisting of sequences of medial points of consecutive clusters. These centerlines are initially extracted as paths of voxels, followed by medial point replacement, refinement, smoothness, and connection operations. The voxel-coding techniques have been proposed for each of these operations in a uniform and systematic fashion. In addition to preserving basic connectivity and centeredness, the algorithm is characterized by straightforward computation, no sensitivity to object boundary complexity, explicit extraction of ready-to-parameterize and branch-controlled skeletons, and efficient object hole detection. These issues are rarely discussed in traditional methods. A range of 3D medical MRI and CT data sets were used for testing the algorithm, demonstrating itsutility.