Managing organizational innovation: the evolution from word processing to office information systems
Managing organizational innovation: the evolution from word processing to office information systems
Evolving electronic communications network: an empirical assessment
Office Technology and People - Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
In the age of the smart machine: the future of work and power
In the age of the smart machine: the future of work and power
Flexible interactive technologies for multi-person tasks: current problems and future prospects
Technological support for work group collaboration
Online Communities: A Case Study of the Office of the Future
Online Communities: A Case Study of the Office of the Future
Inter-organization computer networks: indications of shifts in interdependence
COCS '90 Proceedings of the ACM SIGOIS and IEEE CS TC-OA conference on Office information systems
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Returns to science: computer networks in oceanography
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on internetworking
The role of “help networks” in facilitating use of CSCW tools
CSCW '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
SIGCPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGCPR/SIGMIS conference on Computer personnel research
Electronic mail as a coalition-building information technology
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Virtual teams: a review of current literature and directions for future research
ACM SIGMIS Database
EXPECTED AND UNEXPECTED EFFECTS OF COMPUTER MEDIA ON GROUP DECISION MAKING
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
An assessment of group support systems experimental research: methodology and results
Journal of Management Information Systems - Special issue: GSS insights: a look back at the lab, a look forward from the field
Effects of four modes of group communication on the outcomes of software requirements determination
Journal of Management Information Systems
Journal of Management Information Systems - Special section: Information technology and its organizational impact
Relating electronic mail use and network structure to R&D work networks and performance
Journal of Management Information Systems
Human-Computer Interaction
Commentary on borderline issues
Human-Computer Interaction
In search of coherence: a review of e-mail research
Human-Computer Interaction
Virtual communities and society: Toward an integrative three phase model
International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals
Information Resources Management Journal
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It is frequently suggested that work groups that have computer technology to support activities such as text editing, data manipulation, and communication develop systematically different structures and working processes from groups that rely on more conventional technologies such as memos, phone calls, and meetings. However, cross-sectional or retrospective research designs do not allow this hypothesis to be tested with much power. This field experiment created two task forces, each composed equally of recently retired employees and employees still at work but eligible to retire. They were given the identical tasks of preparing reports for their company on retirement planning issues, but they were randomly assigned to different technology conditions. One group had full conventional office support; the other had, in addition, networked microcomputers with electronic mail and routine office software. Structured interviews were conducted four times during the year-long project; in addition, electronic mail activity was logged in the on-line group. Although both groups produced effective reports, the two differed significantly in the kind of work they produced, the group structures that emerged, and evaluations of their own performance. Although the standard group was largely dominated by the employees through the extensive reliance on informal meetings, the electronic technology used by the other task force allowed the retirees to exercise primary leverage. We conclude that use of computer support for cooperative work results in both quantitative and qualitative changes but that effective participation in such electronically supported groups requires significant investments of time and energy on the part of its members to master the technology and a relatively high level of assistance during the learning process.