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Using Discriminant Eigenfeatures for Image Retrieval
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Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
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Dimension reduction by local principal component analysis
Neural Computation
Mixtures of probabilistic principal component analyzers
Neural Computation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms
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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Image Analysis by Unsupervised Learning
Face Image Analysis by Unsupervised Learning
Empirical Evaluation Techniques in Computer Vision
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The Fixed-Point Algorithm and Maximum Likelihood Estimation forIndependent Component Analysis
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Mixtures of Local Linear Subspaces for Face Recognition
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Statistical Analysis of Gabor-Filter Representation
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Beyond Eigenfaces: Probabilistic Matching for Face Recognition
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ViVo: Visual Vocabulary Construction for Mining Biomedical Images
ICDM '05 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining
An assembled matrix distance metric for 2DPCA-based image recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
An efficient illumination normalization method for face recognition
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Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
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Image and Vision Computing
Gabor wavelets and General Discriminant Analysis for face identification and verification
Image and Vision Computing
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Information maximization in face processing
Neurocomputing
Localized versus locality-preserving subspace projections for face recognition
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3D head model retrieval in kernel feature space using HSOM
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Face recognition in non-uniform illumination conditions using lighting normalization and SVM
CEA'07 Proceedings of the 2007 annual Conference on International Conference on Computer Engineering and Applications
Diffusion maps-based image clustering
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Subspace manifold learning with sample weights
Image and Vision Computing
ICA-based neighborhood preserving analysis for face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
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Image and Vision Computing
Facial Expression Recognition by Supervised Independent Component Analysis Using MAP Estimation
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DSP'09 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Digital Signal Processing
Nonlinear dimension reduction using ISOMap based on class information
IJCNN'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on Neural Networks
Image and Vision Computing
Face recognition method by using large and representative datasets
CCDC'09 Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on Chinese control and decision conference
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Face recognition in global harmonic subspace
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
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FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Face recognition using Zernike and complex Zernike moment features
Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis
Anechoic Blind Source Separation Using Wigner Marginals
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
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CIT'11 Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS international conference on Communications and information technology
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Digital Signal Processing
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SAMT'06 Proceedings of the First international conference on Semantic and Digital Media Technologies
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ISNN'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Neural Networks - Volume Part I
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ICNC'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Natural Computation - Volume Part I
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CIVR'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Image and Video Retrieval
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ICIAR'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition - Volume Part II
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Unsupervised feature extraction for the representation and recognition of lip motion video
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ICNC'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Advances in Natural Computation - Volume Part I
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ICIAP'05 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Image Analysis and Processing
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Advances in Artificial Neural Systems
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Pattern Recognition Letters
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Computational Statistics & Data Analysis
Using robust dispersion estimation in support vector machines
Pattern Recognition
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This paper compares principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) in the context of a baseline face recognition system, a comparison motivated by contradictory claims in the literature. This paper shows how the relative performance of PCA and ICA depends on the task statement, the ICA architecture, the ICA algorithm, and (for PCA) the subspace distance metric. It then explores the space of PCA/ICA comparisons by systematically testing two ICA algorithms and two ICA architectures against PCA with four different distance measures on two tasks (facial identity and facial expression). In the process, this paper verifies the results of many of the previous comparisons in the literature, and relates them to each other and to this work. We are able to show that the FastICA algorithm configured according to ICA architecture II yields the highest performance for identifying faces, while the InfoMax algorithm configured according to ICA architecture II is better for recognizing facial actions. In both cases, PCA performs well but not as well as ICA.