Stretching the Limits of Clock-Gating Efficiency in Server-Class Processors

  • Authors:
  • Hans Jacobson;Pradip Bose;Zhigang Hu;Alper Buyuktosunoglu;Victor Zyuban;Rick Eickemeyer;Lee Eisen;John Griswell;Doug Logan;Balaram Sinharoy;Joel Tendler

  • Affiliations:
  • IBM T.J Watson Research Center;IBM T.J Watson Research Center;IBM T.J Watson Research Center;IBM T.J Watson Research Center;IBM T.J Watson Research Center;IBM Systems and Technology Group;IBM Systems and Technology Group;IBM Systems and Technology Group;IBM Systems and Technology Group;IBM Systems and Technology Group;IBM Systems and Technology Group

  • Venue:
  • HPCA '05 Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

Clock-gating has been introduced as the primary means of dynamic power management in recent high-end commercial microprocessors. The temperature drop resulting from active power reduction can result in additional leakage power savings in future processors. In this paper we first examine the realistic benefits and limits of clock-gating in current generation high-performance processors (e.g. of the POWER4驴 or POWER5驴 class).We then look beyond classical clock-gating: we examine additional opportunities to avoid unnecessary clocking in real workload executions. In particular, we examine the power reduction benefits of a couple of newly invented schemes called transparent pipeline clock-gating and elastic pipeline clock-gating.Based on our experiences with current designs, we try to bound the practical limits of clock gating efficiency in future microprocessors.