Architecture and CAD for Deep-Submicron FPGAs
Architecture and CAD for Deep-Submicron FPGAs
Architecture evaluation for power-efficient FPGAs
FPGA '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM/SIGDA eleventh international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
A Flexible Power Model for FPGAs
FPL '02 Proceedings of the Reconfigurable Computing Is Going Mainstream, 12th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications
Active leakage power optimization for FPGAs
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Low-power FPGA using pre-defined dual-Vdd/dual-Vt fabrics
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Reducing leakage energy in FPGAs using region-constrained placement
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
FPGA power reduction using configurable dual-Vdd
Proceedings of the 41st annual Design Automation Conference
On the Interaction Between Power-Aware FPGA CAD Algorithms
Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Power modeling and architecture evaluation for FPGA with novel circuits for Vdd programmability
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/SIGDA 13th international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Low-power programmable routing circuitry for FPGAs
Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
Vdd programmability to reduce FPGA interconnect power
Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
Power optimal dual-Vdd buffered tree considering buffer stations and blockages
Proceedings of the 42nd annual Design Automation Conference
Simultaneous time slack budgeting and retiming for dual-Vdd FPGA power reduction
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
An efficient chip-level time slack allocation algorithm for Dual-Vdd FPGA power reduction
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Interactive presentation: Statistical dual-Vdd assignment for FPGA interconnect power reduction
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
A chip-level path-delay-distribution based Dual-VDD method for low power FPGA (abstract only)
Proceedings of the 19th ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
A chip-level path-delay-distribution based Dual-VDD method for low power FPGA (abstract only)
Proceedings of the 19th ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
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To reduce power, Vdd programmability has been proposed recently to select Vdd-level for interconnects and to powergate unused interconnects. However, Vdd-level converters used in the Vdd-programmable method consume a large amount of leakage. In this paper, we develop chip-level dual-Vdd assignment algorithms to guarantee that no low-Vdd interconnect switch drives high-Vdd interconnect switches. This removes the need of Vdd-level converters and reduces interconnect leakage and interconnect device area by 91.78% and 25.48%, respectively. The assignment algorithms include power sensitivity based heuristics with implicit time slack allocation and a linear programming (LP) based method with explicit time slack allocation. Both first allocate time slack to interconnects with higher transition density and assign low-Vdd to them for more power reduction. Compared to the aforementioned Vdd-programmable method using Vdd-level converters, the LP based algorithm reduces interconnect power by 65.13% without performance loss for the MCNC benchmark circuits. Compared to the LP based algorithm, the sensitivity based heuristics can obtain slightly smaller power reduction but run 4X faster.