Design considerations for battery-powered electronics
Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
An energy efficient rate selection algorithm for voltage quantized dynamic voltage scaling
Proceedings of the 14th international symposium on Systems synthesis
Intra-Task Voltage Scheduling for Low-Energy, Hard Real-Time Applications
IEEE Design & Test
Optimal voltage allocation techniques for dynamically variable voltage processors
Proceedings of the 40th annual Design Automation Conference
A scheduling model for reduced CPU energy
FOCS '95 Proceedings of the 36th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Performance Comparison of Dynamic Voltage Scaling Algorithms for Hard Real-Time Systems
RTAS '02 Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS'02)
Visual assessment of a real-time system design: a case study on a CNC controller
RTSS '96 Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
MONOLITHIC DC-DC CONVERTER ANALYSIS AND MOSFET GATE VOLTAGE OPTIMIZATION
ISQED '03 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design
Minimum Energy Fixed-Priority Scheduling for Variable Voltage Processor
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Extending the lifetime of fuel cell based hybrid systems
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
High-level power management of embedded systems with application-specific energy cost functions
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
Maximizing the lifetime of embedded systems powered by fuel cell-battery hybrids
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
PVS: passive voltage scaling for wireless sensor networks
ISLPED '07 Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Energy-efficient dynamic task scheduling algorithms for DVS systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
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Most digital systems are equipped with DC-DC converters to supply various levels of voltages from batteries to logic devices. DCDC converters maintain legal voltage ranges regardless of the load current variation as well as battery voltage drop. Although the efficiency of DC-DC converters is changed by the output voltage level and the load current, most existing power management techniques simply ignore the efficiency variation of DC-DC converters. However, without a careful consideration of the efficiency variation of DC-DC converters, finding a true optimal power management will be impossible. In this work, we solve the problem of energy minimization with the consideration of the characteristics of power consumption of DC-DC converter. Specifically, the contributions of our work are: (1) We analyze the effects of the efficiency variation of DC-DC converters on a single task execution in DVS (dynamic voltage scaling) scheme, and propose a technique, called DC_DVS, of DC-DC converter-aware energy-minimal DVS; (2) DC_DVS is then extended to combine the effects of DC-DC converters with the procedures of general DVS techniques with multiple tasks; (3) Conversely, we propose a technique, called DC_CONF, of generating a DC-DC converter that is best suited, in terms of total energy efficiency, to the intended application, and (4) finally, we complete our integrated framework DC-lp, which is based on DC_DVS and DC_CONF, that attempts to solve the DC-DC converter configuration selection problem and the DVS problem simultaneously. To show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, a set of experimental results is provided. In summary, it is shown that DC-lp is able to save 16.0%~22.1% of energy on the average, which otherwise was dissipated in the previous power management schemes with no consideration of DC-DC converter efficiency variation.