Computational complexity versus virtual worlds
I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
NetEffect: a network architecture for large-scale multi-user virtual worlds
VRST '97 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Networked virtual environments: design and implementation
Networked virtual environments: design and implementation
Collision Detection and Response for Computer Animation
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An efficient synchronization mechanism for mirrored game architectures
NetGames '02 Proceedings of the 1st workshop on Network and system support for games
A multi-server architecture for distributed virtual walkthrough
VRST '02 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
NPSNET-V: A New Beginning for Dynamically Extensible Virtual Environments
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
An application of distributed virtual environment to foreign language education
FIE '00 Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01
Load-balancing for peer-to-peer networked virtual environment
NetGames '06 Proceedings of 5th ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for games
Enhancing Grids for Massively Multiplayer Online Computer Games
Euro-Par '08 Proceedings of the 14th international Euro-Par conference on Parallel Processing
Large Scale Distributed Virtual Environments on the Grid: Design, Implementation, and a Case Study
Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design IV
Dynamic adaptation of user migration policies in distributed virtual environments
Dynamic adaptation of user migration policies in distributed virtual environments
Interest management for distributed virtual environments: A survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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A Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) system offers a computer-generated virtual world in which individuals located at different places in the physical world can interact with one another. In order to achieve real-time response for a large user base, DVE systems need to have a scalable architecture. In this paper, we present the design of a grid-enabled service oriented framework for facilitating the construction of scalable DVE systems on computing grids. A service component called "gamelet" is proposed, whose distinctive mark is its high mobility for supporting dynamic load sharing. We propose a gamelet migration protocol which can ensure the transparency and efficiency of gamelet migration, and an adaptive gamelet load-balancing (AGLB) algorithm for making gamelet redistribution decisions at runtime. The algorithm considers both the synchronization costs of the DVE system and network latencies inherent in the grid nodes. The activities of the users and the heterogeneity of grid resources are also considered in order to carry out load sharing more effectively. We evaluate the performance of the proposed mechanisms through a multiplayer online game prototype implemented using the Globus toolkit. The results show that our approach can achieve faster response times and higher throughputs than some existing approaches.