CHI '86 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Pad: an alternative approach to the computer interface
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Visual information seeking: tight coupling of dynamic query filters with starfield displays
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Pad++: a zooming graphical interface for exploring alternate interface physics
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Communications of the ACM
Modeling time-constrained learning in a highly interactive task
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Guidelines for using multiple views in information visualization
AVI '00 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
AVI '00 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
Navigation patterns and usability of zoomable user interfaces with and without an overview
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Extending Distortion Viewing from 2D to 3D
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Image-Browser Taxonomy and Guidelines for Designers
IEEE Software
Does Animation Help Users Build Mental Maps of Spatial Information?
INFOVIS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization
Integrating Multiple 3D Views through Frame-of-Reference Interaction
CMV '03 Proceedings of the conference on Coordinated and Multiple Views In Exploratory Visualization
Zooming, multiple windows, and visual working memory
Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
Supporting multi-point interaction in visual workspaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Increasing the utility of quantitative empirical studies for meta-analysis
Proceedings of the 2008 Workshop on BEyond time and errors: novel evaLuation methods for Information Visualization
Process and Pitfalls in Writing Information Visualization Research Papers
Information Visualization
Focus-Plus-Context Audio Interaction Design
Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval. Sense of Sounds
Visual Thinking with an Interactive Diagram
Diagrams '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Diagrammatic Representation and Inference
Behavior-driven visualization recommendation
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Code bubbles: a working set-based interface for code understanding and maintenance
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Code bubbles: rethinking the user interface paradigm of integrated development environments
Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 1
A research demonstration of code bubbles
Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 2
Developing and evaluating the code bubbles metaphor
Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 2
Visual links across applications
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2010
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing - Representing and Reasoning About Three-Dimensional Space
Weighting task procedure for zoomable task hierarchy modeling of rich internet applications
TAMODIA'09 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design
Study of Polynomial Mapping Functions in Video-Oculography Eye Trackers
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Pathline: a tool for comparative functional genomics
EuroVis'10 Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Canyon: providing location awareness of multiple moving objects in a detail view on large displays
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Drilling into complex 3D models with gimlenses
Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
VisRuption: intuitive and efficient visualization of temporal airline disruption data
EuroVis '13 Proceedings of the 15th Eurographics Conference on Visualization
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In order to investigate large information spaces effectively, it is often necessary to employ navigation mechanisms that allow users to view information at different scales. Some tasks require frequent movements and scale changes to search for details and compare them. We present a model that makes predictions about user performance on such comparison tasks with different interface options. A critical factor embodied in this model is the limited capacity of visual working memory, allowing for the cost of visits via fixating eye movements to be compared to the cost of visits that require user interaction with the mouse. This model is tested with an experiment that compares a zooming user interface with a multi-window interface for a multiscale pattern matching task. The results closely matched predictions in task performance times; however error rates were much higher with zooming than with multiple windows. We hypothesized that subjects made more visits in the multi-window condition, and ran a second experiment using an eye tracker to record the pattern of fixations. This revealed that subjects made far more visits back and forth between pattern locations when able to use eye movements than they made with the zooming interface. The results suggest that only a single graphical object was held in visual working memory for comparisons mediated by eye movements, reducing errors by reducing the load on visual working memory. Finally we propose a design heuristic: extra windows are needed when visual comparisons must be made involving patterns of a greater complexity than can be held in visual working memory.