Situated information spaces and spatially aware palmtop computers
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Pad: an alternative approach to the computer interface
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Pad++: a zooming graphical interface for exploring alternate interface physics
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A survey of design issues in spatial input
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Space-scale diagrams: understanding multiscale interfaces
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The Chameleon: spatially aware palmtop computers
CHI '94 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Navigation patterns and usability of zoomable user interfaces with and without an overview
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Peephole displays: pen interaction on spatially aware handheld computers
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Halo: a technique for visualizing off-screen objects
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ZoneZoom: map navigation for smartphones with recursive view segmentation
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
A camera-based interface for interaction with mobile handheld computers
Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Target acquisition in multiscale electronic worlds
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Fitts law 50 years later: Applications and contributions from human-computer interaction
Mixed interaction space: designing for camera based interaction with mobile devices
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
TangiMap: a tangible interface for visualization of large documents on handheld computers
GI '05 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2005
Improving selection of off-screen targets with hopping
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Real-world interaction with camera phones
UCS'04 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Ubiquitous Computing Systems
CaMus2: collaborative music performance with mobile camera phones
Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
CaMus2: optical flow and collaboration in camera phone music performance
NIME '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on New interfaces for musical expression
Map navigation with mobile devices: virtual versus physical movement with and without visual context
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Large document, small screen: a camera driven scroll and zoom control for mobile devices
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Wedge: clutter-free visualization of off-screen locations
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Peephole pointing: modeling acquisition of dynamically revealed targets
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Sensing-based interaction for information navigation on handheld displays
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
The co-evolution of taxi drivers and their in-car navigation systems
Pervasive and Mobile Computing
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Information navigation techniques for handheld devices support interacting with large virtual spaces on small displays, for example finding targets on a large-scale map. Since only a small part of the virtual space can be shown on the screen at once, typical interfaces allow for scrolling and panning to reach off-screen content. Spatially aware handheld displays sense their position and orientation in physical space in order to provide a corresponding view in virtual space. We implemented various one-handed navigation techniques for camera-tracked spatially aware displays. The techniques are compared in a series of abstract selection tasks that require the investigation of different levels of detail. The tasks are relevant for interfaces that enable navigating large scale maps and finding contextual information on them. The results show that halo is significantly faster than other techniques. In complex situations zoom and halo show comparable performance. Surprisingly, the combination of halo and zooming is detrimental to user performance.