The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Human values and the design of computer technology
Human values and the design of computer technology
Truth is beauty: researching embodied conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
Making Complex Articulated Agents Dance
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Real Time Responsive Animation with Personality
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do
Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do
Ambiguity as a resource for design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Model-based Animation of Coverbal Gesture
CA '02 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Rhythmic-motion synthesis based on motion-beat analysis
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Life-Like Characters: Tools, Affective Functions, and Applications (Cognitive Technologies)
Life-Like Characters: Tools, Affective Functions, and Applications (Cognitive Technologies)
Agent Culture: Human-Agent Interaction in a Multicultural World
Agent Culture: Human-Agent Interaction in a Multicultural World
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - Special Issue: The Very Best Papers from CASA 2004
From brows to trust: evaluating embodied conversational agents
From brows to trust: evaluating embodied conversational agents
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Human computing and machine understanding of human behavior: a survey
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Towards a reactive virtual trainer
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Towards bi-directional dancing interaction
ICEC'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Entertainment Computing
Human computing and machine understanding of human behavior: a survey
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Psychological responses to simulated displays of mismatched emotional expressions
Interacting with Computers
The effect of facial animation on a dancing character
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry
Human computing and machine understanding of human behavior: a survey
ICMI'06/IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the ICMI 2006 and IJCAI 2007 international conference on Artifical intelligence for human computing
Challenges for virtual humans in human computing
ICMI'06/IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the ICMI 2006 and IJCAI 2007 international conference on Artifical intelligence for human computing
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In this paper we raise the issue whether imperfections, characteristic of human-human communication, should be taken into account when developing virtual humans. We argue that endowing virtual humans with the imperfections of humans can help making them more 'comfortable' to interact with. That is, the natural communication of a virtual human should not be restricted to multimodal utterances that are always perfect, both in the sense of form and of content. We illustrate our views with examples from two own applications that we have worked on: the Virtual Dancer, and the Virtual Trainer. In both applications imperfectness helps in keeping the interaction engaging and entertaining.