Computational geometry: an introduction
Computational geometry: an introduction
A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Performance-driven facial animation
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Digital image processing (2nd ed.)
Digital image processing (2nd ed.)
Shape transformation for polyhedral objects
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Multiresolution analysis of arbitrary meshes
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Retargetting motion to new characters
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Unconstrained Automatic Image Matching Using Multiresolutional Critical-Point Filters
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Pose space deformation: a unified approach to shape interpolation and skeleton-driven deformation
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Metamorphosis of Arbitrary Triangular Meshes
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Animation of Synthetic Faces in MPEG-4
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Facial Deformations for MPEG-4
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Tracking and Learning Graphs and Pose on Image Sequences of Faces
FG '96 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG '96)
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
3D Modeling and Tracking of Human Lip Motions
ICCV '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision
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We present a novel approach to producing facial expression animations for new models. Instead of creating new facial animations from scratch for each new model created, we take advantage of existing animation data in the form of vertex motion vectors. Our method allows animations created by any tools or methods to be easily retargeted to new models. We call this process expression cloning and it provides a new alternative for creating facial animations for character models. Expression cloning makes it meaningful to compile a high-quality facial animation library since this data can be reused for new models. Our method transfers vertex motion vectors from a source face model to a target model having different geometric proportions and mesh structure (vertex number and connectivity). With the aid of an automated heuristic correspondence search, expression cloning typically requires a user to select fewer than ten points in the model. Cloned expression animations preserve the relative motions, dynamics, and character of the original facial animations.