Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Where on-line meets on the streets: experiences with mobile mixed reality games
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Implementation of an Augmented Reality System on a PDA
ISMAR '03 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
A case study in pervasive game design: the songs of north
Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
Bridging the physical and digital in pervasive gaming
Communications of the ACM - The disappearing computer
FRAP: a framework for pervasive games
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
A survey of visual, mixed, and augmented reality gaming
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
iAR: an exploratory augmented reality system for mobile devices
Proceedings of the 18th ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
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In this paper we present MAR (Mobile Augmented Reality) Toolkit as an easy-to-use augmented reality toolset for building multi-user mobile phone games. It is built on top of MUPE - Nokia-developed open source mobile platform based on Java - which considers the special qualities of mobile technology. MAR Toolkit contains four components, map interface (MAP), physical object tagger (POT), public display (PUD) and silent communicator (SIC).We have successfully demonstrated MAR Toolkit by implementing a game named as Mupeland Yard based on classical board game Scotland Yard. In user testing we found that common usability issues related to mobile technology and MUPE-platform troubled the tests. However, especially POT component raised interest among developers. We found that using graphical 2D-tags for providing location information for augmented reality games is a simple and robust alternative for more technology intensive GPS and cell-ID information.