The affective reasoner: a process model of emotions in a multi-agent system
The affective reasoner: a process model of emotions in a multi-agent system
Human conversation as a system framework: designing embodied conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
Task-oriented collaboration with embodied agents in virtual worlds
Embodied conversational agents
Deictic and emotive communication in animated pedagogical agents
Embodied conversational agents
The automated design of believable dialogues for animated presentation teams
Embodied conversational agents
Truth is beauty: researching embodied conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
Interacting with virtual characters in interactive storytelling
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 1
Modeling coping behavior in virtual humans: don't worry, be happy
AAMAS '03 Proceedings of the second international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
To feel or not to feel: the role of affect in human-computer interaction
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International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in humanComputer interaction
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Lifelike pedagogical agents and affective computing: an exploratory synthesis
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A domain-independent framework for modeling emotion
Cognitive Systems Research
The effects of empathetic virtual characters on presence in narrative-centered learning environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Exploring emotions and multimodality in digitally augmented puppeteering
AVI '08 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Koko: engineering affective applications
Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2
Koko: architecture and methodology for engineering social affective applications
Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2
Koko: engineering affective applications
Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2
Attribution of Identity in Autonomous Action of Remotely Operated Robot
OCSC '09 Proceedings of the 3d International Conference on Online Communities and Social Computing: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
Modelling affect expression and recognition in an interactive learning environment
International Journal of Learning Technology
Design an empathic virtual human to encourage and persuade learners in e-learning systems
MTDL '09 Proceedings of the first ACM international workshop on Multimedia technologies for distance learning
Demonstrating Empathy in a Learning Mentor Agent
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
A method for generating narrative discourse to prompt inferences
Proceedings of the Intelligent Narrative Technologies III Workshop
Closing the loop: from affect recognition to empathic interaction
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Affective interaction in natural environments
Subliminal cues while teaching: HCI technique for enhanced learning
Advances in Human-Computer Interaction - Special issue on subliminal communication in human-computer interaction
Methodology for engineering affective social applications
AOSE'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Agent-oriented software engineering
A formal model of emotions for an empathic rational dialog agent
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
GW'09 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Gesture in Embodied Communication and Human-Computer Interaction
The influence of empathy in human-robot relations
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Towards empathic artificial tutors
Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
AffectButton: A method for reliable and valid affective self-report
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
I Can Help You Change! An Empathic Virtual Agent Delivers Behavior Change Health Interventions
ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS) - Special Issue on Informatics for Smart Health and Wellbeing
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Affective reasoning plays an increasingly important role in cognitive accounts of social interaction. Humans continuously assess one another's situational context, modify their own affective state accordingly, and then respond to these outcomes by expressing empathetic behaviors. Synthetic agents serving as companions should respond similarly. However, empathetic reasoning is riddled with the complexities stemming from the myriad factors bearing upon situational assessment. A key challenge posed by affective reasoning in synthetic agents is devising empirically informed models of empathy that accurately respond in social situations. This paper presents Care, a data-driven affective architecture and methodology for learning models of empathy by observing human-human social interactions. First, in Care training sessions, one trainer directs synthetic agents to perform a sequence of tasks while another trainer manipulates companion agents' affective states to produce empathetic behaviors (spoken language, gesture, and posture). Care tracks situational data including locational, intentional, and temporal information to induce a model of empathy. At runtime, Care uses the model of empathy to drive situation-appropriate empathetic behaviors. Care has been used in a virtual environment testbed. Two complementary studies investigating the predictive accuracy and perceived accuracy of Care-induced models of empathy suggest that the Care paradigm can provide the basis for effective empathetic behavior control in embodied companion agents.