The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Affective interactions: toward a new generation of computer interfaces?
Affective interactions
Tears and fears: modeling emotions and emotional behaviors in synthetic agents
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents
Hybrid Recommender Systems: Survey and Experiments
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Affective gaming: measuring emotion through the gamepad
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
To feel or not to feel: the role of affect in human-computer interaction
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in human—Computer interaction
Affective computing: challenges
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in human—Computer interaction
Emotion and sociable humanoid robots
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in human—Computer interaction
Evaluating collaborative filtering recommender systems
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Experience clip: method for user participation and evaluation of mobile concepts
PDC 04 Proceedings of the eighth conference on Participatory design: Artful integration: interweaving media, materials and practices - Volume 1
Caring for Agents and Agents that Care: Building Empathic Relations with Synthetic Agents
AAMAS '04 Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 1
eMoto: emotionally engaging interaction
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Affective interactions: the computer in the affective loop
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Subtle expressivity for characters and robots
Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Affective multimodal human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
The sensual evaluation instrument: developing an affective evaluation tool
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Emotionally reactive television
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Empathic agents to reduce user frustration: The effects of varying agent characteristics
Interacting with Computers
Modeling and evaluating empathy in embodied companion agents
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The sensual evaluation instrument: Developing a trans-cultural self-report measure of affect
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Why we tag: motivations for annotation in mobile and online media
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
IHC '06 Proceedings of VII Brazilian symposium on Human factors in computing systems
Toward an Affect-Sensitive AutoTutor
IEEE Intelligent Systems
EmoPlayer: A media player for video clips with affective annotations
Interacting with Computers
TRIBLER: a social-based peer-to-peer system: Research Articles
Concurrency and Computation: Practice & Experience - Recent Advances in Peer-to-Peer Systems and Security (P2P 2006)
Automatic detection of learner's affect from conversational cues
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Review: The role of emotion in computer-mediated communication: A review
Computers in Human Behavior
Validating the Fun Toolkit: an instrument for measuring children’s opinions of technology
Cognition, Technology and Work
A Survey of Affect Recognition Methods: Audio, Visual, and Spontaneous Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
BCS-HCI '07 Proceedings of the 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: HCI...but not as we know it - Volume 2
Multi-angle view on preference elicitation for negotiation support systems
HuCom '08 Proceedings of the 1st International Working Conference on Human Factors and Computational Models in Negotiation
AIMED: a personalized TV recommendation system
EuroITV'07 Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Interactive TV: a shared experience
Interacting with Computers
Real time labeling of affect in music using the affectbutton
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Affective interaction in natural environments
Emotion and reinforcement: affective facial expressions facilitate robot learning
ICMI'06/IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the ICMI 2006 and IJCAI 2007 international conference on Artifical intelligence for human computing
Affect Detection: An Interdisciplinary Review of Models, Methods, and Their Applications
IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing
Intimate Heartbeats: Opportunities for Affective Communication Technology
IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing
Tune in to your emotions: a robust personalized affective music player
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Facial action recognition for facial expression analysis from static face images
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
AutoTutor: an intelligent tutoring system with mixed-initiative dialogue
IEEE Transactions on Education
Editorial: Modeling the cognitive antecedents and consequences of emotion
Cognitive Systems Research
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
In Defense of Dominance: PAD Usage in Computational Representations of Affect
International Journal of Synthetic Emotions
People interpret robotic non-linguistic utterances categorically
Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
Using the AffectButton to measure affect in child and adult-robot interaction
Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
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In this article we report on a new digital interactive self-report method for the measurement of human affect. The AffectButton (Broekens and Brinkman, 2009. ACII 2009: IEEE) is a button that enables users to provide affective feedback in terms of values on the well-known three affective dimensions of pleasure (valence), arousal and dominance. The AffectButton is an interface component that functions and looks like a medium-sized button. The button presents one dynamically changing iconic facial expression that changes based on the coordinates of the user's pointer in the button. To give affective feedback the user selects the most appropriate expression by clicking the button, effectively enabling 1-click affective self-report on 3 affective dimensions. Here we analyze 5 previously published studies, and 3 novel large-scale studies (n=325, n=202, n=128). Our results show the reliability, validity, and usability of the button for acquiring three types of affective feedback in various domains. The tested domains are holiday preferences, real-time music annotation, emotion words, and textual situation descriptions (ANET). The types of affective feedback tested are preferences, affect attribution to the previously mentioned stimuli, and self-reported mood. All of the subjects tested were Dutch and aged between 15 and 56 years. We end this article with a discussion of the limitations of the AffectButton and of its relevance to areas including recommender systems, preference elicitation, social computing, online surveys, coaching and tutoring, experimental psychology and psychometrics, content annotation, and game consoles.