SOAR: an architecture for general intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
Unified theories of cognition
Intelligent multimedia interfaces
Intelligent multimedia interfaces
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Agents that learn to explain themselves
AAAI'94 Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on Artificial intelligence (vol. 2)
Improv: a system for scripting interactive actors in virtual worlds
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Integrating pedagogical capabilities in a virtual environment agent
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Integrating Pedagogical Agents into Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Dynamically sequencing an animated pedagogical agent
AAAI'96 Proceedings of the thirteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Proceedings of the third annual conference on Autonomous Agents
Animation control for real-time virtual humans
Communications of the ACM
Dynamically altering agent behaviors using natural language instructions
AGENTS '00 Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Autonomous agents
The virtual human as a multimodal interface
AVI '00 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Smart graphics in adaptive way descriptions
AVI '00 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
A framework for rapid evaluation of prototypes with augmented reality
VRST '00 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Hosting activities: experience with and future directions for a robot agent host
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
The RoboCup-98 Teamwork Evaluation Session: A Preliminary Report
RoboCup-99: Robot Soccer World Cup III
Perceived Characteristics and Pedagogical Efficacy of Animated Conversational Agents
ITS '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Using virtual humans for multimodal communication in virtual reality and augmented reality
Multimodal interface for human-machine communication
An Agent-Based Approach to Developing Intelligent Virtual Reality-Based Training Systems
ICTAI '99 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Learning empathy: a data-driven framework for modeling empathetic companion agents
AAMAS '06 Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
An evolutionary approach to prototyping pedagogical agents: from simulation to integrated system
Journal of Network and Computer Applications - Special issue: Innovations in agent collaboration
Modeling and evaluating empathy in embodied companion agents
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Socializing Pedagogical Agents for Personalization in Virtual Learning Environments
WI-IATW '07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops
Mentor agent: an intelligent virtual teacher for personalized learning environments
DIWEB'07 Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS international conference on Distance learning and web engineering
Quantifying the benefits of immersion for procedural training
IPT/EDT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 workshop on Immersive projection technologies/Emerging display technologiges
Modeling parallel and reactive empathy in virtual agents: an inductive approach
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 1
An adaptive and customizable feedback system for VR-based training simulators
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 3
A Simulated Student Can Improve Collaborative Learning
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
CAMELEON: A Generic Model of Embodied Conversational Agent for e-Learning Portals
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Supporting Learning Flow through Integrative Technologies
Understanding complex natural language explanations in tutorial applications
ScaNaLU '06 Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Scalable Natural Language Understanding
Robust agent teams via socially-attentive monitoring
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Virtual environments for training: from individual learning to collaboration with humanoids
Edutainment'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Technologies for e-learning and digital entertainment
An operational VR platform for building virtual training environments
Edutainment'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Technologies for e-learning and digital entertainment
Constraints-based complex behavior in rich environments
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Higher levels of immersion improve procedure memorization performance
JVRC'09 Proceedings of the 15th Joint virtual reality Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Analysis on learners' gaze patterns and the instructor's reactions in ballroom dance tutoring
Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Eye Gaze in Intelligent Human Machine Interaction
Modeling the multi-modal behaviors of a virtual instructor in tutoring ballroom dance
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
AmbiLearn: Multimodal Assisted Learning
International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence
3D animated agent for tutoring based on WebGL
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on 3D Web Technology
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Virtual reality can broaden the types of interaction between students and computer tutors. As in conventional simulation-based training, the computer can watch students practice tasks, responding to questions and offering advice. However, immersive virtual environments also allow the computer tutor to inhabit the virtual world with the student. Unlike previous, disembodied computer tutors, such a "pedagogical agent" can "physically" collaborate with students, enabling new types of interaction. To illustrate the possibilities, this paper describes Steve, a pedagogical agent for virtual environments that helps students learn procedural tasks. After providing an overview of Steve's capabilities, the paper focuses on the benefits and challenges of graphically representing Steve in the virtual environment.