Moving objects in space: exploiting proprioception in virtual-environment interaction
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Virtual reality for education?
VRST '00 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Understanding Virtual Reality: Interface, Application, and Design
Understanding Virtual Reality: Interface, Application, and Design
What's Real About Virtual Reality?
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
With similar visual angles, larger displays improve spatial performance
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
EGVE '03 Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2003
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - special issue: IEEE virtual reality 2002 conference
VR '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality
Virtual Environments for Shipboard Firefighting Training
VRAIS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS '97)
Experiences in Using Immersive Virtual Characters to Educate Medical Communication Skills
VR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Conference 2005 on Virtual Reality
Quantifying the benefits of immersion for collaboration in virtual environments
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
A Model for Understanding How Virtual Reality Aids Complex Conceptual Learning
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The benefits of immersion for spatial understanding of complex underground cave systems
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Real Walking in Virtual Learning Environments: Beyond the Advantage of Naturalness
EC-TEL '09 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning: Learning in the Synergy of Multiple Disciplines
Higher levels of immersion improve procedure memorization performance
JVRC'09 Proceedings of the 15th Joint virtual reality Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
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Training is one of the most important and widely-used applications of immersive virtual reality (VR). Research has shown that immersive virtual environments (VEs) are beneficial for training motor activities and spatial activities, but it is unclear whether immersive VEs are beneficial for purely mental activities, such as memorizing a procedure. In this paper, we present a between-subjects experiment comparing two levels of immersion in a procedural training task. For the higher level of immersion, we used a large L-shaped projection display. We used a typical laptop display for the lower level of immersion. We asked participants to memorize two procedures: one simple and the other complex. We found that the higher level of immersion resulted in significantly faster task performance and reduced error for the complex procedure. We hypothesize that the higher level of immersion helped users to memorize the complex procedure by providing enhanced spatial cues, leading to the development of an accurate mental map that could be used as a memory aid.