End-user computing: a research framework for investigating the training/learning process
Human factors in management information systems
The importance of individual differences in end-user training: The case for learning style
SIGCPR '88 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCPR conference on Management of information systems personnel
Mental models in human-computer interaction: research issues about what the user of software knows
Mental models in human-computer interaction: research issues about what the user of software knows
Training for end-user computing: are basic abilities enough for learning?
SIGCPR '86 Proceedings of the twenty-second annual computer personnel research conference on Computer personnel research conference
Guest Editor's Introduction: An Applied Psychology of the User
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
The Psychological Study of Programming
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
The Psychology of How Novices Learn Computer Programming
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Training wheels in a user interface
Communications of the ACM
Reducing manual labor: An experimental analysis of learning aids for a text editor
CHI '82 Proceedings of the 1982 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '82 Proceedings of the 1982 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Learning to use a text processing system: Evidence from “thinking aloud” protocols
CHI '82 Proceedings of the 1982 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A learning model of information systems: the effects of orienting materials, ability, expectations, and experience on performance, usage, and attitudes (advance, cognitive organizers, office automation, electronic mail, computers)
Design and Analysis of Experiments
Design and Analysis of Experiments
The importance of learning style in end-user training
MIS Quarterly
End-user training methods: what we know, need to know
ACM SIGMIS Database
International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals
Five Small Secrets to Systems Success
Information Resources Management Journal
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Although there is a strong theoretical basis for concluding that conceptual models are effective in aiding users build mental models of computer systems, very little empirical evidence exists to support such a conclusion. Frequently, the effect has been weak. Subjects trained with a conceptual model often perform better than control group subjects in learning tests, but seldom at a statistically significant level. One possible reason for this is the influence of individual differences such as basic cognitive abilities. This study examined the influence of two cognitive variables - visual ability and learning mode - in the mental model formation process of novice users of an electronic mail filing system. We compared the effectiveness of two types of conceptual models-analogical and abstract. It was found that high-visual subjects performed significantly better than low-visual subjects. Abstract learners also performed better than concrete learners.